Suppose a scientist identified two yeast mutants, called huh1 and huh2. The mutants have constitutive expression of the nop operon, which includes the genes nop1 and nop2. One of the mutants is a point mutation in a DNA-binding site, and the other is a deletion of the gene which encodes the DNA-binding protein.


Which term describes the regulatory function of the DNA-binding protein?


The scientist then performs a experiment mating the two haploid yeast together to determine which mutation is in the DNA-binding protein and which is in the dna-binding site. The experimental setup is listed below, wherein a minus indicates a lose-of-function mutation, and a plus indicates the wild type allele.


How will nop1 and nop2 be expressed if huh1 encodes the dna-binding protein and huh2 is a mutation in the binding site? How will nop1 and nop2 be expressed if huh2 encodes the DNA-binding protein and huh1 is a mutation in the binding site?

Answers

Answer 1
Final answer:

The DNA-binding protein acts as a repressor for the genes in the nop operon. Mutations in either the protein (a gene deletion mutation) or the binding site will lead to constitutive expression of the genes nop1 and nop2 in the yeast mutants huh1 and huh2 respectively.

Explanation:

The regulatory function of the DNA-binding protein is referred as a repressor. In normal condition, this protein binds to a particular region of the DNA, inhibiting the transcription of certain genes, but in mutants, the operon is always active because the repressor is not functioning properly.

When the huh1 encodes the DNA-binding protein, a mutation in it will lead to a malfunctioning protein that won't be able to bind to the DNA and repress the operon, hence, nop1 and nop2 will be expressed constitutively.

If huh2 encodes the DNA-binding protein, lose of this gene (through deletion) means that no DNA-binding protein is produced, and again nop1 and nop2 are constitutively expressed. If huh1 has the mutation in the binding site, nop1 and nop2 will also be constitutively expressed because the repressor can't bind correctly to the mutated site to repress the operon.

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Answer 2

In both scenarios, mutations disrupt repression, leading to constitutive expression of the nop operon, explaining its expression in mutants.

The term that describes the regulatory function of the DNA-binding protein is repressor.

A DNA-binding protein that negatively regulates gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences is known as a repressor.

When the repressor is bound to the DNA, it prevents the transcription of the genes it regulates. In the case of the nop operon, the wild-type DNA-binding protein would normally repress the expression of nop1 and nop2 unless an inducer is present.

For the experiment, let's consider the two scenarios:

1. If huh1 encodes the DNA-binding protein (repressor) and huh2 is a mutation in the binding site:

 - huh1 (repressor gene): - (loss-of-function mutation, no functional repressor produced)

 - huh2 (binding site mutation): + (wild-type allele, functional binding site)

In this case, huh1 cannot produce a functional repressor protein due to the loss-of-function mutation. Since the repressor is not present to bind to the DNA, the nop operon will be expressed constitutively, regardless of the presence of a functional binding site in huh2. Therefore, nop1 and nop2 will be expressed.

2. If huh2 encodes the DNA-binding protein (repressor) and huh1 is a mutation in the binding site:

 - huh1 (binding site mutation): - (mutation in the binding site, repressor cannot bind)

 - huh2 (repressor gene): + (wild-type allele, functional repressor produced)

Here, huh2 produces a functional repressor protein, but it cannot bind to the mutated binding site in huh1. As a result, the repressor cannot exert its regulatory effect, and the nop operon will again be expressed constitutively. Thus, nop1 and nop2 will be expressed.

In both scenarios, the outcome is the same: nop1 and nop2 are expressed constitutively because the repression mechanism is disrupted, either by the absence of a functional repressor or by the inability of the repressor to bind to its target site on the DNA.

This explains the constitutive expression of the nop operon in both mutants.


Related Questions

A botanist is conducting a two-factor experiment on seed germination. One factor is temperature, with two levels: cold storage and ambient temperature storage. The other factor is gibberelin treatment, which occurs at four different concentrations. Our botanist attempts this experiment on the cheap, with only one seed per treatment group (hey, maybe it's a coconut). If the ANOVA includes a test for the two-way interaction, how many degrees of freedom will our hero have for error? 3 0 4 7 1

Answers

Answer:

67

Explanation:

Final answer:

In a two-factor experiment with two levels of one factor and four levels of another factor, where each combination of factors is represented by one observation (as is the case with the botanist's seed germination experiment), the degrees of freedom for error would be zero.

Explanation:

In a two-factor experiment, the degrees of freedom for error are calculated as (total number of observations - total number of treatments). Here we have 2 levels of temperature and 4 levels of gibberelin treatment. So, there are 2*4=8 total treatments. In this case, each treatment being tried on one seed means there are also 8 total observations. Thus, when the botanist attempts the experiment, the degrees of freedom for error would be (8-8)=0.

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If people are aware of the dangers of social traps, they are more likely to cooperate with each other. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation:

In psychology a social trap can be defined as the group of people which obtain short term individual gain which in the long term leads to the loss of the people.

If people will known the after effects then they will operate with each other in order to avoid the loss of the people as a whole group.

Examples of social trap are over fishing, blackout, overgrazing of the cattles at the places where is already less vegetation.

Hence, the correct answer is True.

When comparing two ecosystems of the same type, the ecosystem that supports a greater number of species is _______ than the ecosystem that supports only a few.

Answers

OPTIOINS:

A) less habitable

B) more sustainable

C) less biodiverse

D) more fertile

Answer:

B) more sustainable

Explanation:

An ecosystem is considered to be sustainable if is able to support more life and thrive, without external support. One of the key factors upon which the sustainability of an ecosystem depends upon is the level of biodiversity of the ecosystem. A greater or higher biodiversity would mean more species of organisms with various genes are present in an ecosystem. The more biodiversity in an ecosystem, the more sustainable that ecosystem is.

Therefore, in comparing two ecosystems of the same type, the ecosystem that supports a greater number of species is said to be more sustainable than the other which supports just a few.

Final answer:

When comparing two ecosystems of the same type, the ecosystem that supports a greater number of species is more biodiverse than the ecosystem that supports only a few.

Explanation:

When comparing two ecosystems of the same type, the ecosystem that supports a greater number of species is more biodiverse than the ecosystem that supports only a few. For example, forests, particularly tropical forests, hold more species compared to grasslands or cerrado habitats. This greater biodiversity is associated with a number of benefits, including increased ecosystem function, more pathways for energy flow, nutrient recycling, and overall ecosystem stability and efficiency.

Key factors thought to contribute to higher levels of biodiversity include the sampling-competition effect, where the larger number of species increases the chances of having highly productive species. Diverse species can also result in complementary resource use, allowing the ecosystem to fully exploit environmental conditions. Plus, biodiverse ecosystems are more adept at maintaining soil fertility and reducing nutrient losses over time.

In summary, ecosystems with greater species numbers, such as those found in the tropics closer to the equator, are often more complex and may provide more opportunities for species interactions, coevolution, and specialization. Such ecosystems are said to be more diverse, resilient, and better at ecological functions like energy transfer and nutrient cycling compared to less diverse ecosystems.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the genes in prokaryotic cells are:


a) All expressed, all of the time

b) Transcribed and translated almost simultaneously

c) Transcriptionally controlled because translation begins before transcription ends

d) B and C are both true

Answers

Answer:

d) B and C are both true            

Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells: The term "prokaryotic cells" are described as cells that don't consist of "membrane-bound organelles" or "true nucleus". However, the organisms that come under the domain of Archaea and bacteria tend to possess prokaryotic cells and it has been described that organisms that consist of prokaryotic cells are abundant in nature and make most of the Earth Biomass. Prokaryotic cells don't possess the nucleus rather have one chromosome.

In the question above, the correct answer is option D.

Final answer:

In prokaryotic cells, gene expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and the processes of transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) Both b and c are true.

Explanation:

Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled and do not have a cell nucleus, which means their DNA is present in the cytoplasm. This arrangement allows for the processes of transcription and translation to occur almost simultaneously. However, not all genes are expressed all the time. Genes are transcribed into RNA and then the RNA is translated into proteins when that particular protein is needed. Once the need diminishes, transcription ceases. Hence, gene expression in prokaryotic cells is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. Regarding the choices provided:

(a) All expressed, all the time is incorrect as gene expression is conditional based on the protein needs of the cell.

(b) Transcribed and translated almost simultaneously is correct because of the proximity of genetic material to the protein-synthesizing machinery.

(c) Transcriptionally controlled because translation begins before transcription ends is also correct, reflecting the regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level.

(d) Both b and c are true, making it the correct answer.

The soil of the temperate forest is often rich in humus. Which statement best explains the presence of humus in the temperate forest?

Answers

Answer:

A. Humus forms from fallen leaves, dead wood, and other dead organic matter.

Option are the following;

A. Humus forms from fallen leaves, dead wood, and other dead organic matter.

B. Tree roots break rocks into humus as they grow.

C. Cold winter weather preserves humus in the soil.

D. Dry conditions allow humus to form

Explanation:

Humus is a type of organic matter which is formed due to the decomposition of plant parts and leaves by the action of decomposers such as bacteria and fungi. The soil of the temperate forest is often rich in humus because when the leaves falls from the trees when get older, these leaves mixes with the soil and due to the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These microbes feed on these leaves and releases nitrogenous material which is used by the plants for making amino acid and enzymes etc.

A scientist wants to compare DNA of two plants. What technique can she use to produce bands of DNA fragments for this comparison.

Answers

It's Gel electrophoresis. Just took the test!

-Jazzy

Living things are classified into three domains. which domain would contain organisms that are unicellular and multicellular

Answers

Answer:

Unicellular - Archaea and Bacteria

Multicellular - Eukarya

Explanation:

Domain is the highest taxonomic rank in the hierarchical biological classification system, above the kingdom level. There are three domains of life, the Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya.

Final answer:

The domain that comprises both unicellular and multicellular organisms is the Eukarya domain, characterized by eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles. It includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Explanation:

Living things are grouped into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Both Bacteria and Archaea domains include prokaryotic organisms that do not have their genetic material enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus. On the other hand, the domain that contains both unicellular and multicellular organisms is the Eukarya domain.

Organisms within the Eukarya domain possess cells with membrane-bound nuclei and various organelles. This domain is diverse; it includes familiar life forms such as animals, plants, and fungi, as well as protists, which are often less well-known. The characteristics that define this domain are the complex cells known as eukaryotic cells. As the most complex domain, Eukarya is subdivided into kingdoms that include both simple unicellular organisms like some protists and complex multicellular organisms like animals and plants.

The work of American microbiologist Carl Woese has greatly influenced this classification system by introducing the three-domain system based on genetic and cellular differences, which replaced the previous five-kingdom model.

Which of the following cannot be given to children under seven due to damage to their teeth?

A
Quinolones
B
Beta-lactams
C
Aminoflycosides
D
Sulfonamides
E
Tetracyclines

Answers

Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:  s

I NEED HELP ASAP!!!!!!
Two scientists are debating how to classify a new animal species that they have discovered. They observe that the animal is capable of producing sperm.

What statement would they most likely make about the new species?

A)This animal produces offspring that are genetically different from itself.
B)This animal produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself.
C)This animal’s sperm will join with spores to produce offspring.
D)This animal’s sperm will undergo binary fission to produce offspring.

Answers

Answer:

#1

The correct answer is A.)

Because the animal has sperm that means that the offspring will be different. This is because at conception, the two parents sex cells combine their DNA to make a new creature.

Explanation:

Answer:

The Answer is A

Explanation:

I confirmed it in the quiz

Some autoimmune diseases show a positive correlation with dramatically decreased expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC9, an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones). Why would the decreased expression of HDAC9 cause immune cells to produce inflammatory genes at inappropriate times?

Answers

Answer:

The positive charge of the histone proteins get reduced due to the process of histone acetylation, thus making the wrapping of DNA around the histones less tightened. The loose connected DNA afterward associates with the transcription factors for the articulation of the genes situated in that area.  

Generally, when there is no requirement of gene anymore, the acetyl groups from the histones get withdrawn by the activity of histone deacetylase enzyme (HDAC9) that makes the DNA tightly wrapped and inaccessible again. In case, when less expression of histone deacetylase enzyme occurs, the process of deacetylation fails to take place. This indicates that within an immune cell, at the time of infection, the inflammatory gene, which was made available does not get re-wrapped firmly around the histones.  

Which image is an example of a rod-shaped colony of bacteria?
lam​

Answers

Answer: The last one

Explanation:

Answer:

the last picture

Explanation:

Which of the following statements about cellulose is FALSE? Microtubules are directly attached to the outside surface of the plasma membrane to form tracks that help orient the cellulose polymers Cellulose is synthesized on the outside of the cell. An array of microtubules guides the cellulose synthase complex as it moves in the membrane Cellulose synthase enzyme complexes are integral membrane proteins

Answers

Answer:

Option A is false, the remaining statements regarding cellulose are correct

"Microtubules are directly attached to the outside surface of the plasma membrane to form tracks that help orient the cellulose polymers"

Explanation:

Cellulose is specific to plant cells walls only, animal cells do not contain cellulose. It is produced at the membrane of the cell. The microtubules are actually attached to the inside of the plasma membrane and it helps to orient the cellulose polymers that way. It provides vital structural support to the plant.

Hope that answers the question, have a great day!

The allele for brown fur in mice (B) is dominant over the allele for white fur (b).
The fur color of one mouse is represented by Bb.
What is the genotype of this mouse?
What is the phenotype of this mouse?​

Answers

Answer:

Genotype: Bb (heterozygous)

Phenotype: brown fur

Explanation:

Since allele B is dominant to allele b, as long as genotype has allele B in it, its effect of phenotype will be expressed instead, regardless of whether allele b is present.

As mouse genotype is stated as Bb, on the chromosome from its parents, allele B comes from one parent while allele b is inherited from the other parent.

Phenotype is the expressed trait. In this case, as genotype has allele B, the phenotype will be brown fur as its effect is expressed.

Answer:

1) Bb

2)brown

Explanation:

Hope this helped <3

The genomic sequence of the African great apes is compared to that of South American monkeys, and an average difference of about 7.0% is observed. This is much smaller than the difference between either primate or other mammals. What evidence of evolution is this an example of?

Select one:

Embryological

DNA

Molecular

Anatomical

Answers

Dna because it’s talking about genomic sequence

Which of the following is a monomer of DNA?

A) Protein

B) Oil

C) Nucleotides

Answers

Answer:

C) Nucleotides

Explanation:

Nucleotides are the monomers, or building blocks, of DNA. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

What are nucleotides?

They are composed of three main components: a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in the case of DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). These nucleotides join together through phosphodiester bonds to form a long chain, resulting in the formation of the DNA molecule.

Each nucleotide in the DNA chain pairs with a complementary nucleotide from the opposing DNA strand through hydrogen bonding, creating the double helix structure of DNA. Therefore, nucleotides are the fundamental units that make up the structure of DNA and carry the genetic information in living organisms.

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DNA markers that are found to segregate with a mutation of interest can be used to determine the mutation’s distance from the markers by looking at what? DNA markers that are found to segregate with a mutation of interest can be used to determine the mutation’s distance from the markers by looking at what? reverse mutation frequency forward mutation frequency single crossover frequency recombination frequency

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is D: recombination frequency

Explanation:

The recombination mapping technique makes it possible to measure the distance between the DNA marker and the locus where the mutation lies. For better accuracy at measuring this distance, multiple families have to be studied - families that are affected by the mutation of interest.

Hope that answers the question, have a great day!

Large areas of land are being developed. In the process thousands of trees are being removed and burned. How would this affect the cycle?

Answers

Answer:

The whole cycle is disturbed due to unwise cutting of trees.

Explanation:

Trees are the lungs of the planet earth which helps in cleaning the environment and provide habitat to millions of organisms. Trees absorb carbon-dioxide which is responsible for pollution and global warming and releasing oxygen which is necessary for the survival of living organisms. If these trees are removed, the habitat of many living organism will be destroyed and also increase occurs in the pollution and global warming of the earth atmosphere.

Answer: Trees are producers they use photosynthesis to create energy for food chains.

Explanation: Food chains are an exchange of energy that starts with producers and in this case the trees. Without the trees, there wouldn't be any food and the cycle would collapse.

Which of the following correctly describes an interaction that occurs between two body systems of a rabbit that helps the rabbit outrun a pursuing coyote?

Your answer:

A. The skeletal system releases additional calcium, and the circulatory system retains more sodium in the blood to provide muscles with ions for contraction.
B. The digestive system increases the rate of digestion, and the excretory system ceases to provide tissues with more nutrients
C. The respiratory system increases the breathing rate, and the circulatory system increases blood pressure to provide tissues with more oxygen.
D. The endocrine system releases hormones that prepare the immune system to deal with possible injuries

Answers

Answer: C. The respiratory system increases the breathing rate, and the circulatory system increases blood pressure to provide tissues with more oxygen.

Explanation:

Oxygen is a key component in respiration which supplies the body with energy. To be more precise, oxygen is needed for Aerobic Respiration which is the process by which the body turns fats and sugars into fuel using oxygen.

This fuel/energy is then used by cells to engage in activity.

When the Rabbit tries to outrun the coyote, the Respiratory System increases the breathing rate to allow more oxygen in. This oxygen is supplied to cells by blood so the Circulatory system uses the oxygen to increase blood pressure to get blood moving faster so that it can get more oxygen to the cells to enable them produce more energy needed to outrun the Coyote.

The vertebrates are highly organized organisms, which have developed circulatory, respiratory, neural, and excretory systems.

The rabbit can outrun a coyote due to an increase in the breathing rate and blood pressure by the circulatory system.

Functions of the respiratory and circulatory system are:

The respiratory system is a dense network of organs and tissues, which help organisms breathe. The respiratory center is in the brain, where the basic rhythm of breathing is set.

The circulatory system is involved in the circulation of blood, gases, and nutrients throughout the body. The cardiovascular center receives the changes in pH and stretch, which alter the heart rate and stroke volume to increase the blood pressure.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C.

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Science knowledge indicates what can happen in natural systems not what should happen. Explain this statement and provide an example

Answers

Answer:

Science knowledge indicates what can happen in natural systems not what should happen because scientific knowledge give us a way in which things are done but sometimes it did not happen at that way.

Explanation:

Scientific knowledge cannot be used in all aspects of life such as politic, social and culture. In some matters, decisions were made not through scientific knowledge but by using the laws or principles of culture and society.  Scientific knowledge give the possibility that an event can happen but sometimes we solve the problem according to the culture and laws of society.

The explanation regarding the given statement is due to the scientific knowledge because it provides us a way in which things are done but sometimes it did not happen at that way.

The following information should be considered:

Scientific knowledge cannot be applied in all aspects of life like politics, social and culture. In some matters, decisions were made not via scientific knowledge but by using the laws or principles of culture and society.  Scientific knowledge provides the possibility that an event can happen but sometimes the problem could be solved as per the culture and laws of society.

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Which activity has had the most negative effect on the environment

Answers

Explanation:

The leakage of oil in oil carrying ships and the effect of atomic blust in oceans are affecting equally and have the most negative effect on the environment of oceans.

Final answer:

Industrial activities, energy production, and resource exploitation are key human activities causing substantial environmental harm. Pollution, habitat destruction, and unsustainable consumption patterns contribute significantly to environmental degradation. Efforts to mitigate these effects conflict with economic interests that benefit a few at the expense of wider societal and environmental health.

Explanation:

Among the myriad of human activities, industrial activities, energy production, and resource exploitation have been identified as having particularly severe impacts on the environment. Industrial activities release various pollutants into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, which contribute to greenhouse warming, ozone depletion, and smog formation. The excessive use of water in industry can lead to both pollution and thermal pollution.

Energy production and exploitation of resources like oil, gas, and minerals often involve environmentally damaging processes. Events like oil spills, mining operations, and deforestation lead to habitat destruction, water contamination, and soil erosion. Issues such as air and water pollution, and the resultant health effects, are exacerbated by energy production including coal mining, oil refining, and natural gas combustion.

In addition to these tangible impacts, the perpetuation of unsustainable consumption patterns and the externalization of environmental costs underline the ongoing challenge of addressing environmental degradation. Despite the negative effects being well known, progress towards more sustainable practices is often hindered by the economic benefits that accrue to a small number while the broader society bears the environmental and health costs.

A rare genetic disease which is due to a recessive allele (a) and that is lethal when homozygous, occurs within a specific population at a frequency of one in a hundred thousand. In other words, one out of a hundred thousand individuals are homozygous recessive with the disease. How many individuals in a town with a population of 20,000 can be expected to carry this allele?

Answers

Answer:

40 individuals

Explanation:

The homozygous recessive percentage is equal to q2.

Recessive genotype frequency, q 2 is 1/1000000  = 0.000001  

therefore, q = [tex]\sqrt{q2}[/tex]  = [tex]\sqrt{0.000001 }[/tex]  = 0.001 =  allele "a" frequency  

and p + q = 1, thus, p = 1 – q = 1 – 0.001 = 0.999  

thus, the frequency of allele a = q = 0.001  and the frequency of allele A = p = 0.999

Carriers are heterozygous and are equal to 2pq.  

So, 2pq = 2  x 0.999 x 0.001 x  20,000 = 39.96 (round of to 40)

Hence, 40 individuals will be expected to carry the recessive allele.

Which feature forms as a result of a tectonic plate boundary that creates an underwater miuntainbrange in the open ocean?

Answers

Mid-ocean ridge. A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.

Answer:

The answer is mid-ocean ridge

Explanation:

This geographical feature is found in divergent boundaries where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. The magma from mantle rises (upwells) to replace the void. Therefore, as magma rises and accumulates, as it cools into new crust, it forms mountain ranges along the boundary.

What do birds need in order to maintain their body temperature?
Food they eat for storing carbohydrates
Plenty of food and water
Food they eat for energy
Carbohydrates and water
PLEASE QUICK MY QUIZ IS TIMEF

Answers

Food they eat for storing carbohydrates

The correct answer is: Carbohydrates and water.

Birds, like all endothermic animals, need to maintain their body temperature through metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy that birds derive from their food, which helps them generate heat through metabolism. Water is also crucial as it is involved in all metabolic reactions and helps to regulate body temperature. Food provides the necessary carbohydrates for energy, and birds also require plenty of water to support metabolism and prevent dehydration, which is essential for thermoregulation. Therefore, the combination of carbohydrates from food and water is what birds need to maintain their body temperature."

Which procedure took the DNA from one sheep to produce a genetically identical lamb, named Dolly

Answers

Answer:Cloning

Explanation:

Answer:

cloning

Explanation:

Compare and contrast the work done by paleontologists and biologists

Answers

ANSWER AND EXPLANATION:

SIMILARITY: Both paleontologist and biologists carries out studies or experiments on organisms that were once alive.

DIFFERENCE: The paleontologist mainly studies fossils (i.e the remains of ancient organisms that once lived) to deduce various information about them (such their age, ancestral background and etc). Whereas Biologists are scientists whom studies is specifically on living organisms.

46. The experiments that clearly showed that DNA from every organism studied had an amount of adenine equal to the amount of thymine and a cytosine content equal to the content of guanine were conducted by: a. E. M. Sutton. b. Cohen and Boyer. c. Hershey and Chase. d. Erwin Chargaff. e. Rosalind Franklin. 47. A quiescent (non-dividing) human cell is most likely (or most correctly described as being) in: a. G1. b. S phase. c. G0 d. M phase. e. cytokinesis. 48. Who utilized the process of transformation, as originally demonstrated by Frederick Griffith, to p

Answers

The given question number 48 is not complete, the complete question is:

Who utilized the process of transformation, as originally demonstrated by Frederick Griffith, to provide the first solid evidence suggesting that DNA was the genetic material of living systems (in this case bacteria)?

Messelson and Stahl

Thomas Morgan

Erwin Chargaff

Hershey and Chase

Avery, McCarty and Macleod

Answer:

The correct answer of 46 is option d, that is, Erwin Chargaff.

The correct answer of 47 is option c, that is, G0 phase.

The correct answer of 48 is option e, that is, Avery, McCarty and Macleod.

Explanation:

46. Erwin Chargaff with the help of an experiment demonstrated that the amount of adenine present within the DNA is always equivalent to the amount of thymine present, similarly, guanine is always found in equal number to cytosine. He also demonstrated that pairing is always done between pyrimidines and purines within the DNA.  

47. It is in the G0 stage, also known as the quiescent stage, where a human cell is found in the non-proliferating phase. It is also considered as the resting stage of the cell cycle in which cell gathers enough of the substances for its nourishment. When the cell moves into the G0 stage of the cell cycle, then the cell either goes to further stages of the cycle when needed or goes through the process of differentiation.  

48. To prove that DNA works as a genetic substance, the Griffith experiment was further used by Avery, McCarthy, and Macloed. The experiment was again performed on a biochemical basis. In the experiment, distinct constituents of the bacterial cell were digested with the assistance of digestive enzymes, and in the process, it was found that when digestion of DNA was done, the process of transformation failed to take place. The performed experiment was also called the biochemical assay of transformation.  

De novo nucleotide synthesis differs for purine and pyrimidine bases. However, some molecules are important precursors and intermediates in both pathways. Which intermediates are common to both purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis? orotate formate glycine aspartate PRPP Purine bases, which have two rings, have a more complex synthetic pathway than do pyrimidine bases, which have one ring. As a result, purine synthesis requires more components than pyrimidine synthesis. Which amino acids contribute atoms to the purine structure in de novo purine synthesis? lysine aspartate glycine glutamine histidine

Answers

Answer:

1. Aspartate  and PRPP

2. Aspartate, glycine and glutamine

Explanation:

Aspartate is a precursor in both the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine. It aids in the formation of Carbamoyl Aspartate in pyrimidine synthesis while in purine, it contributes nitrogen 1 to the purine ring. PRPP is needed in the activation of ribose sugar in the purine nucleotide synthesis, while in that of pyrimidine, it aids in the conversion of orotate to OMP by adding  phosphate group to orotate.

Aspartate, glycine and glutamine are precursors in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. Aspartate contribts nitrogen 1, glycine cotributes C4, C5 and nitrogen 7 while glutamine contributes N3 and N9.

The process of formation of complex molecules from sugar and amino acids (complex molecules ) is called De nova synthesis.

1. The common intermediate  in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis is :

Option D. Aspartate

Option E. PRPP

Aspartate acts as a precursor in both purine and pyrimidine nitrogenous base formation. It forms carbamoyl aspartate during pyrimidine synthesis while it contributes one nitrogen to the purine ring during purine synthesis.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) activates the ribose sugar in purine synthesis and converts orotate to OMP by adding phosphate during the pyrimidine synthesis.

2. The amino acid that contributes atoms to purine is:

Option B. Aspartate

Option C. Glycine

Option D. Glutamine

All the above-stated amino acids are a precursor in the purine synthesis by the de nova process.

N1 is provided by aspartate, N7, C4 and C5 are contributed by glycine and N3 and N9 by glutamine amino acid.

Therefore correct options are 1. D and E, 2. B, C and D.

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A molecule containing one unit of sugar is called a ____?

Answers

A molecule containing one unit of sugar is called a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates and can contain either five or six carbon atoms.

A molecule containing one unit of sugar is called a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and are the building blocks for larger carbohydrate molecules.

Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose, which are all hexose sugars containing six carbon atoms.

Other monosaccharides include ribose and deoxyribose, which are pentose sugars containing five carbon atoms.

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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury?

Answers

Final answer:

Phineas Gage's case suggests that the prefrontal cortex significantly contributes to an individual's personality. His recovery implies the concept of neuroplasticity, or the brain's capacity to adapt and change. However, the interpretations of Gage's personality changes might have been exaggerated due to a lack of comprehensive data.

Explanation:

Based on the case study of Phineas Gage, we can draw the conclusion that the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in determining personality. Gage's personality significantly changed after an iron rod penetrated this specific region of his brain. This shift in behavior confirmed the idea of localization, the belief that certain functions are associated with specific regions of the brain.

Additionally, Gage's apparent return to functionality (by becoming a stagecoach driver after the accident) is associated with the concept of neuroplasticity. This refers to the brain's ability to adapt or alter in response to experiences or injuries. In Gage's case, even following such a traumatic incident, his brain managed some degree of recovery.

It is worth noting that the accounts of Gage's behavioral changes could have been overemphasized or skewed due to the contemporaneous scientific debate on localization and the lack of extensive information about Gage.

Learn more about Phineas Gage here:

https://brainly.com/question/31364185

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List three questions about the human-honeyguide symbiosis that could be answered with further research.

Answers

Answer:

Do honeyguides in different areas of the world have a similar symbiosis with humans?

How old are the birds when they learn to respond to the humans’ calls?

Could other birds in the region form a similar symbiosis with humans?

Explanation:

Answer:

Do honeyguides in different areas of the world have a similar symbiosis with humans?

How old are the birds when they learn to respond to the humans’ calls?

Could other birds in the region form a similar symbiosis with humans?

Explanation:

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