Answer:
Glucose is co-transported with Na , which moves down its concentration gradient into the cell.
Explanation:
Na/K pump is a pump located on the plasma membrane which uses ATP to move 3 Na ions out the cell and brings in 2 K ions into the cell. It is an example of primary active transport. As a consequence,concentration of Na is higher outside the cell, while K concentration is higher inside the cell.
Glucose is transported in the cell against its gradient, together with Na ions (symport) which move down their concentration gradient.
This is an example of secondary active transport because it uses the energy from the primary active transport to move other substances such as glucose against their own gradients.
Final answer:
Glucose is actively transported into intestinal epithelial cells via secondary active transport using a Na+/glucose symport mechanism. Sodium ions moving down their gradient provide the energy for glucose to be transported against its gradient with the help of SGLT1 and Na+/K+ ATPase.
Explanation:
Glucose enters the epithelial cells of the small intestine against its concentration gradient by a process known as secondary active transport. This involves a symport mechanism, where glucose is co-transported with sodium ions (Na+). The sodium ions move down their concentration gradient into the cell, providing the energy needed to transport glucose against its gradient.
The primary transporter involved is the sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1), which couples the transport of glucose with two sodium ions. This process utilizes the sodium electrochemical potential gradient created by the Na+/K+-ATPase, which actively pumps sodium out of the enterocyte into the blood, maintaining a low intracellular sodium concentration, and allowing the continued inward movement of sodium (and glucose).
Finally, glucose is transported from within the enterocytes into the bloodstream through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion, using the glucose transporter GLUT2.
Describe how the largest island of Hawaii has areas that are representative of various biomes.
The largest island of Hawaii has multiple biomes. The reason for this is the topography of the island. In the middle of the island there's an enormous very high volcano. One side of the island manages to get lot of precipitation, the windward side, thus this part of the island is dominated by dense rainforest and animals that are adapted to wet tropical conditions. The other side of the island though receives much less precipitation because the high volcano stops the wet air masses to reach it, so it is mostly dry and warm air masses that reach this part of the island, which is the leeward side. That makes it much drier, semi-arid even, thus it is dominated by grasses and animals adapted to live in that biome. The side parts of the island that are neither on the windward nor on the leeward side receive precipitation, less than the windward side, but more than the leeward side. This makes them be dominated by shrubs, with trees that are more scattered, so the fauna is adapted to this kind of more temperate conditions for living.
Answer:
what he said
Explanation:
What part of the human ear contains the eardrum? A. The middle ear B. The lower ear C. The outer ear D. The inner ear
Answer:
A. The middle ear
Explanation:
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.
The “middle ear” is the part which consists of eardrum.
Option: A
Explanation:
The organ which helps humans to hear is the ear which is consisted of three parts: the outer, inner and the middle ear. The “outer ear” consists the “pinna” which projects from the “side of the head”, the “inner end” of which is “closed by the eardrum” which lies in the middle ear. The outer ear performs the task of collecting the sound waves and transferring them to the eardrum. The middle ear also consists of three tiny bones named collectively as hammer, anvil and stirrup, they are called the auditory ossicles.
A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to
Answer:
be part of the cell signaling process
Explanation:
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are proteins and lipids with carbohydrate chain attached to it. They are an important component of the cell membrane with many roles:
stabilizing membrane structure-because of their ability to bind water molecules via hydrogen bondscell signaling-they are often membrane receptors for the hormones and neurotrasmitterscell attachment (adhesion)-for the connection between cellscell recognition-they can act as antigens on the cell surface (immune role)Glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane function to aid cell identification and interaction with the environment. They form the glycocalyx, which facilitates cell recognition, communication, and attachment. Additionally, they assist in maintaining fluid balance and performing various roles related to nutrient breakdown and hormone reception.
Explanation:A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to facilitate cell identification and interaction with the external environment. Together, they form the glycocalyx, a carbohydrate-rich coating that aids in cell-cell recognition, interaction, and adhesion. The glycocalyx distinguishes one cell from another, allowing immunity cells to differentiate between 'self' and 'non-self' cells and to communicate with the external environment effectively.
These proteins and lipids also play an important role in maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance, as they attract large amounts of water to the cell's exterior surface. This not only aids in interaction with the watery environment but also helps the cell to obtain substances dissolved in water.
Furthermore, the carbohydrate tags on glycoproteins in particular can serve different functions, such as binding to another cell, containing receptors for hormones, or having enzymes to break down nutrients.
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Please I only have a few minutes left!
Study the image. (the one with the moon)
Which phase of the moon is shown?
full moon
first quarter
waning gibbous
waxing crescent
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Look at the diagram of a solar eclipse.
(the one with the sun and earth)
At which location is the solar eclipse viewed in totality?
1
2
3
4
First answer: waxing crescent.
Second answer: Best answer is 2 for sure
Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of
A) proteins.
B) fats.
C) disaccharides.
D) complex carbohydrates.
E) vitamins
Answer:
B) fats
Explanation:
Common hepatic duct is s the part of the biliary tract which means that is involved in the secretion of bile.
Bile salts secreted from the bill have an important role in emulsification of lipids (fats). They have the ability to aggregate around lipids thanks to their amphipatic nature. Amphipatic nature means that they have hydrophobic side which binds directly to lipids and hydrophilic side which are faced outwards. Lipids enveloped with bile salts are called micelles.
Formation of micelles increases the surface area of fat, which is appropriate for the the action of the enzyme pancreatic lipase (perform digestion of triglycerides).
Which explanation best fits with the data shown?
A.) Organisms use all of the chemical energy they take in for life processes.
B.) Organisms use some of the chemical energy they take in for life processes.
C.) Organisms transfer exactly 50% of their chemical energy to the next trophic level.
D.) Organisms permanently store of all the chemical energy they take in.
Answer:
B.
Organisms use some of the energy they take in for life process... Like respiration, thermoragulation, etc
The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called thea. autoregulation capacity.b. glomerular filtration rate.c. corpuscular output.d. net filtration pressure.e. filtration ratio.
Answer:
b. glomerular filtration rate
Explanation:
Glomerular filtration rate is a measure of blood filtration per minute.
When blood enters the glomerulus, it has some pressure which is called outward pressure. Opposite to this pressure, inward pressure consists of colloidal osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure.
The net filtration pressure is the difference between outward and inward pressure.
Glomerular filtration rate is highly regulated by kidneys themselves (constriction and dilatation of afferent arteriole), via neural or hormonal control (e.g. via atrial natriuretic peptide).
Compare and contrast DNA to RNA
Answer:
DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil
DNA is a double helix; RNA is single stranded
DNA cannot leave the nucleus; RNA can
DNA has deoxyribose; RNA has ribose
That's easy! Each sugar unit in DNA and RNA bind to form one of four nucleotide bases. Both the DNA and the RNA use the bases A,C and GB. While DNA uses T, RNA uses U. The sequence of bases along the strands of DNA and RNA is the genetic code that tells the cell how to make proteins. In DNA, the bases of each strand bind to the bases on the other strand, forming the double-helix structure. In DNA, A’s can only bind to T’s and C’s can only bind to G’s. The structure of a DNA helix is preserved in a protein-RNA cocoon called a chromosome.
Sarah is documenting her sources. Which step of research process is she on? A. Step 5: Cite Your Sources B. Step 4: Organize Your Information C. Step 2: Find and Retrieve Materials D. Step 3: Evaluate Your Sources
Answer:
Either A or B
Explanation:
Answer: A. Step 5: Cite Your Sources
Explanation:
A citation is a documentation and recognition of the research work and references used for the purpose of present research. Apart from research work other original sources such as idea, images and information can be used for the purpose of reference. In the body of a paper,small acknowledgments of the source of information used is required to be mentioned. In the end of the research article or thesis the entire list is framed for the references of the authors or other researchers.
Having difficulty completing daily activities of living due to a chronic condition is known as
Answer:
Could be many things such as Autism, ADHD, Epilepsy, Arthritis, Diabetes etc
Explanation:
Define. Diffusion. Endocytosis. Exocytosis. Phagocytosis. Osmotic pressure.
Diffusion is the movement of the molecule (in gaseous form) from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until equilibrium is achieved. The movement of these molecules is always down the gradient and the movement of the molecules is stochastic
Endocytosis is the uptake of large molecule, that can't pass through the pores of the cell membrane, by a cell. It involves the invagination of the cell membrane engulfing the materials and budding off into a vesicle. The materials are therefore internalized and are transported into the cell.
Exocytosis is the reverse of endocytosis. The material comes from inside of the cell and carried in a vesicle. The vesicle binds with the cell membrane and the part in contact with the cell membrane diffuses off. The contents of the vesicle are therefore emptied outside of the cell.
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of an organism such as bacteria by another cell such as a phagocytic immune cell or amoeba. The process of phagocytosis is similar to that of endocytosis. However, this process is aided by cell membrane receptors on the surface of the phagocyte that recognizes and binds the epitopes of the bacteria.
Osmotic pressure is the bare minimum pressure required to be exerted to prevent the movement of water, by osmosis, from a low concentrated solution to a higher concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane.
Which natural resource is known as the kidneys of the environment? A.fisheries B.wetlands C.soil D.natural parks E.wildlife
Wetlands are also called the natural kidney of environment because they perform the same functions of absorbing the wastage like nitrogen and phosphorus as our kidney do.
Answer:
B. Wetlands.
The Wetlands are known as the kidneys of the environment because of the natural process that take place within the wetlands.
Describe how you produced summated contractions with the isolated muscles and how you produced a tetanus contraction. explain how summation of twitches is accomplished in vivo and how a sustained, complete tetanus contraction is produced.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Summation of twitches and tetanus contractions explained in muscle physiology.
Summation of twitches: Summation in vivo occurs when successive stimuli are added together, resulting in greater contraction of the motor unit due to the release of more Ca++ ions triggering additional sarcomeres to contract. This leads to increased muscle tension.
Tetanus contraction: Complete tetanus is produced when the stimulus frequency is so high that the relaxation phase disappears completely, resulting in continuous contractions. This is achieved by increasing motor neuron signaling and activating more motor units in a muscle.
Production of summated contractions and tetanus: By increasing the frequency of motor neuron signaling, muscle tension rises, leading to incomplete tetanus which further progresses to complete tetanus, producing sustained, strong muscle contractions.
What is the role of tRNA molecules?
t = transfer
It is used to translate mRNA by the ribosomes to make a new polypeptide.
Answer:
They package assembled proteins.
Reactions such as a candle burning give off energy in the form of heat theyre called
Answer:
exothermic reactions
Explanation:
exothermic reactions are reactions that give off heat
Why are a variety monomers needed to produce the complex molecules necessary for life
Answer:
the statement that best explains why a variety of monomers are needed to produce the complex molecules necessary for life is that Different monomers contain different kinds of atoms needed to produce different end products.
Monomers are small organic molecules that join together via dehydration synthesis reactions to form larger biological molecules known as polymers. Different types of monomers can combine in various ways, creating a diverse group of macromolecules. Three major classes of biological macromolecules - complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins - are composed of monomers that link together through dehydration synthesis reactions.
Which of the following statements regarding restriction enzymes is NOT true? See Section 15.1 (Page 554) . Which of the following statements regarding restriction enzymes is NOT true? See Section 15.1 (Page 554) . Most restriction enzymes recognize sequences of 20-25 bp in length. Bacteria can add methyl groups to their DNA to prevent digestion by endogenous restriction enzymes. Most restriction enzymes recognize palindromic sequences in host DNA. Restriction enzymes may produce either sticky or blunt ends when digesting host DNA.
Answer:
Most restriction enzymes recognize sequences of 20-25 bp in length
Explanation:
Sequences of DNA that are recognized by restriction enzymes are called recognition (or restriction) sites are usually are between 4 and 8 bases long. Many of them are palindromic, which means that they are the same when you read it backwards and forwards (mirror-like).
Restriction enzymes are endonucleases, which means they cut phosphodiiester bonds within DNA. These enzymes are from prokaryotic organisms (archea and bacteria) which use them as defending mechanism against viruses. Prokaryotes protect their own DNA via methylation, performed by methyltransferase.
The incorrect statement about restriction enzymes is that most recognize sequences of 20-25 bp in length; they commonly recognize sequences of 4-8 bp.
Explanation:The statement regarding restriction enzymes that is NOT true is "Most restriction enzymes recognize sequences of 20-25 bp in length." In fact, most restriction enzymes recognize and bind to specific palindromic sequences of DNA that are significantly shorter, typically ranging from 4 to 8 base pairs in length. These enzymes can generate either sticky ends or blunt ends when they cut DNA, depending on the specific enzyme and its recognition sequence. Additionally, bacteria can protect their own DNA from these enzymes through the addition of methyl groups to the recognition sequences, a process known as methylation, thus preventing the restriction enzyme from cutting the bacterial DNA.
The use of ladybugs and praying mantises to consume insect pests in gardens is an example of
Answer:
The use of ladybugs and praying mantises to consume insect pests in gardens is an example of biological control of insect pets.
This is the example of Biological control of pest.
In biological control, the use of living organisms to control pests.What are the benefits of using biological control of pest?Biological control is the use of living organisms to suppress pest populations, making them less damaging than they would otherwise be. Natural enemies of insects play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pests. These natural enemies include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens.What is pest?A pest is any organism that spreads disease, causes destruction or is otherwise a nuisance.Some examples of pests are mosquitoes, rodents and weeds. Not all insects are pests
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A fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. The green allele is recessive, and is represented by q. The blue allele is dominant, and is represented by p. If 20 of 100 organisms are green, what is ? Homozygous dominant + Heterozygous + Homozygous recessive 1 p+ 2pq+1
A fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. The green allele is recessive, and is represented by q. The blue allele is dominant, and is represented by p. The value for it is 0.45.
What is hardy Weinberg principle?The law predicts that both genotype and allele frequencies will be constant because they are in equilibrium when mating is random in a large population with no disruptive factors.
Several factors, like as mutations, natural selection, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow, have the potential to upset the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. By bringing new alleles into a population, mutations, for instance, disturb the balance of allele frequencies.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by altering gene frequencies. This occurs because specific alleles can either benefit or impair reproductive success.
Therefore, A fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. The green allele is recessive, and is represented by q. The blue allele is dominant, and is represented by p. The value for it is 0.45.
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Using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, the genotype frequencies of a population can be calculated. In this case, the frequencies are approximately; homozygous dominant(blue eyes) = 0.306, heterozygous = 0.494, and homozygous recessive (green eyes) = 0.2.
Explanation:This question is about understanding genetic inheritance and the basics of population genetics. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be used for this purpose. It theorizes that both allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant in a population from generation to generation if certain conditions are met.
Given that the green allele(q) is recessive and occurs in 20 out of 100 organisms (or 0.2 of the population), q2(the rate of homozygous recessive green-eyed flies) can be calculated as 0.2. After that, we can find q as sqrt(0.2) = 0.447. Based on this, p can be found as 1 - q = 1 - 0.447 = 0.553.
With these values, we can substitute into the Hardy-Weinberg equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, to get the frequencies of the other genotypes: homozygous dominant(blue/blue eyes) - p2 = (0.553)2 = 0.306; heterozygous - 2pq = 2*0.553*0.447 = 0.494.
In summary, the genotype frequencies are approximately; homozygous dominant(blue eyes) = 0.306, heterozygous = 0.494, and homozygous recessive (green eyes) = 0.2.
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Although genetically modified crops have been on the scene for many years, there still remains a large gap between the public sector and biotechnology research and development firms. Most recently, the development of golden rice has been stalled. Golden rice has been genetically modified to increase the production of beta carotene. Beta carotene is a dietary essential that is lacking in the diets of people who live in poverty. Found in vitamin A, this deficiency has lead to partial or total blindness in over half a million children world wide. Although medical and social research suggest the need for golden rice, certain beliefs hinder its production and distribution, as well as the continued research and development of genetically modified crops. They include all but A) the unknown impacts on ecosystems B) genetic transfer to unintended crops. C) improvements in both plant and animal food resources. D) genetically modified foods are detrimental human health.
Answer:
improvements in both plant and animal food resources
Explanation:
Genetically modified foods have benefits such as one answer choice listed. GM foods DO foster improvements in both plant and animal food resources. This is a positive rather than a negative.
Answer:
C
Explanation: Is C, because Genetically modified foods have benefits such as one answer choice listed. GM foods DO foster improvements in both plant and animal food resources. This is a positive rather than a negative.
enzymes that move certain phospholipids between leaflets have also which of the following properties?
A. play a role establishing and maintaining membrane lipid asymmetry
B. Transport proteins
C.Blocks post-synaptic membrane
D.Interacts with neighboring epithelial cells, or basal membrane
E. All of these are correct.
Answer:
A. play a role establishing and maintaining membrane lipid asymmetry
Explanation:
Proteins that move move certain phospholipids between leaflets are transmembrane proteins via "flip-flop" transition have also the possibility to maintain membrane lipid asymmetry. There are few types of such proteins:
flipases-move lipids from the exterior to the interior side of the membrane, energy requiredflopases-move lipids in reverse comparing to flipases, energy requiredscramblases-no energy required, bidirectionalBecause of the action of those proteins, cytosolic side of plasma membrane differs from exoplasmic side (asymmetry).
What are the characteristics of life start each of the sentences below with living things and fill in the blank with the correct term
Answer:
cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development, and adaptation through evolution
Explanation:
Covalent bond means that the atoms involved will _____. exchange valence electrons gain valence electrons share valence electrons lose valence electrons
Answer:
Share valence electrons
Explanation:
Covalent bonds are also known as molecular bonds. This is the type of bond that occurs between non-metals and non-metals. This type of bond can happen between two of the same elements or with other elements that are usually positioned near each other in the periodic table.
This is different from ionic bonds where atoms are lost or gained. This type of bonds occur between metals and non-metals.
When it rains, water collects on the surface and begins to flow downhill towards a body of water. This running water can be defined as
Answer:
a river im pretty sure or a stream
Explanation:
The mating of two curly-haired brown guinea pigs results in some offspring with brown curly hair, some with brown straight hair, some with white curly hair, and even some with white straight hair. this mating illustrates which of mendel's laws?
Answer: Law of Independent Assortment
Explanation:
The example only shows that the alleles the offspring received for one gene does not influence the allele for another gene, since the curly/ strait haired gene clearly does not affect the white/ brown hair gene.
The mating of two curly-haired brown guinea pigs resulting in offspring with different variations in hair color and type illustrates Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
Explanation:The mating of two curly-haired brown guinea pigs resulting in offspring with different variations in hair color and type illustrates Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
This law states that genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes, and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur.
For example, in the case of the guinea pigs, the gene for hair color and the gene for hair type are inherited independently of each other, resulting in the various combinations of brown and white hair colors and curly and straight hair types in the offspring.
How many chromosomes do humans have total in each body cell?
There are 46 chromosomes in each body cell. Human gametes have 23 since they’re haploid cells though
There are 23 chromosomes in each human cell
How many inches is the longest tail on a dog
30.2 inches is the world record for the longest dog’s tail.
How do scientists make viruses more visible
I don’t know I did not even know they do that
THE HARDEST QUESTION IN THE WORLD!!!
Astronomers use numbers to rank apparent magnitude. The larger the number, the dimmer the star appears in Earth’s sky. Which three adjectives apply to a star with a very high ranking of apparent magnitude?
A) large, massive, and very far from Earth
B) small, hot, and massive
C) small, cold, and very far from Earth
The answer is C.
A very high magnitude star is difficult to see from Earth. That’s because it is very far away. A star that far away won’t be able to radiate heat like those that are closer to Earth.
How do populations of organisms change over time?
When there is a modification in the characteristics of an organism over several years is called evolution. It gets inherited and the traits get passed from the parent to their offspring.
The populations of the organism change over time due to:
Evolution
This change can be explained as:
Over generations, the population of species changes due to modification in genetic materials and reflects the adapted changes beneficial for their survival.The species to survive in conditions not favourable modifies itself to adjust and accumulate the beneficial genes over time.Therefore, evolution changes the species over time.
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Populations are dynamic entities that fluctuate based on various factors like environmental changes, natural disasters, and competition for resources. The field of demography uses mathematical tools to study how populations respond to changes in their environment.
Explanation:Populations are dynamic entities. Populations consist all of the species living within a specific area, and populations fluctuate based on a number of factors: seasonal and yearly changes in the environment, natural disasters such as forest fires and volcanic eruptions, and competition for resources between and within species. The statistical study of population dynamics, demography, uses a series of mathematical tools to investigate how populations respond to changes in their biotic and abiotic environments. Many of these tools were originally designed to study human populations. For example, life tables, which detail the life expectancy of individuals within a population, were initially developed by life insurance companies to set insurance rates. In fact while the term "demographics" is commonly used when discussing humans all living populations can be studied using this approach.
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