Answer:
Binary molecular compounds are the compounds consisting of two non-metallic elements. Examples of binary molecular compounds include: NO2, HCl, HF, P2O5 e.t.c.
Rules For Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Naming binary molecular compounds is quite easy,
1. The first element is given its name.
2. The second element is given its root name (such as, hydro, carb,ox, chlor e.t.c.) followed by suffix ide.
Name of N2O4 - Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Chemical Formula of;
iodic acid: HI
disulfur trioxide: S2O3
dinitrogen monoxide: N2O
hydrofluoric acid: HF
Difference between Binary acid and an oxyacid
An oxyacid is an acid consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and at least one other non-metallic element. Examples of oxyacids include HNO3, H2SO4 e.t.c.
Binary acids are the acids consisting of hydrogen atom bonded to a non-metallic element. Examples include HF, HCl, HI e.t.c.
Answer:
Explanation:Rrules for naming binary compounds.
1. The less electronegative element is written first.This is not always true for all elements.Nonmetals follow this order:C,p,N,H,S,I,Br,Cl,O,F.
2.The right numeric prefix is used example mono for 1 atom,did for 2 atoms,tri for 3 atoms,tetra for 4 atoms.etc
3. The second element is named after the first with the ending of the element's name changed to-ide then the right prefix is used for the second element.
4.Drop the 'a' in a prefix ending in one prior to the one starting with the vowel'o'. Example write tetroxide instead of tetra oxide.
32. A binary compound is a compound that contains two non metals.
33. A binary acid is a compound that contains a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a non metal in its molecule.They are called hydracids.The general formular is H-X.Examples are HCl,H2S, etcwhile oxyacid are compounds that are composed of hydrogen,oxygen and other elements in the molecule. An eample is HClO3.
34. N2O3 will be named dintrogentetroxide.This is because it is a covalent compound and will follow rule 2 by putting the right numeric prefix based on the number of atoms of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule.The 'a"at the end of tetra dropped because of the vowel 'o'in the next letter.
35. a. Molecular formulae of iodic acid is HIO3
b.Molecular formulae for disulfurtrioxide is
S2O3
c.Molecular formulae for dinirtrogenmonoxide is N2O
d. Hydrogenchloric ice HCl
36. Answer 35
The client's lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L. What condition is this client likely to have, judging by anion gap?
Answer: metabolic acidosis.
Explanation:
Anion Gap(AG) is the difference between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. It is usually expressed in milliequivalents per litre of millimoles per litres.
Anion Gap is measured or calculated when there is a need to know the cause of metabolic acidosis. To
Anion Gap can be calculated with or without potassium.
(1). With potassium= ([Na^+] + [K^+]) − ([Cl^−] + [HCO^−3]).
From the question; client's lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L.
Slotting in the values, we have;
==>[ (166+5) - (115+35)] mEq/L.
(2). Without potassium:
==> [Na^+] - ([Cl^−] + [HCO^−3]).
==> [(166) - 115 + (35)] mEq/L
Normal Anion gap is 20 mEq/L(Calculating with Potassium) and 8-16 mEq/L (calculating without potassium).
Yeast and other organisms can convert glucose (C6H12O6) to Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) through a process called Alcoholic Fermentation. The Net reaction is:
C6H12O6------2C2H5OH(l) +2CO2(g)
Calculate the mass of glucose required to produce 2.25L of CO2 measured at P=1 atm and T=295k
Answer:
The answer to your question is 8.28 g of glucose
Explanation:
Data
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) = ?
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) = 2.25 l
Pressure = 1 atm
T = 295°K
Reaction
C₆H₁₂O₆ ⇒ 2C₂H₅OH(l) +2CO₂(g)
- Calculate the number of moles
PV = nRT
Solve for n
[tex]n = \frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
Substitution
[tex]n = \frac{(1)(2.25)}{(0.082)(295)}[/tex]
Simplification
n = 0.092
- Calculate the mass of glucose
1 mol of glucose --------------- 2 moles of carbon dioxide
x --------------- 0.092 moles
x = (0.092 x 1) / 2
x = 0.046 moles of glucose
Molecular weight of glucose = 180 g
180 g of glucose --------------- 1 mol
x g ---------------0.046 moles
x = (0.046 x 180) / 1
x = 8.28 g of glucose
To identify a diatomic gas (X2), a researcher carried out the following experiment: She weighed an empty 4.4-L bulb, then filled it with the gas at 1.00 atm and 22.0 ∘C and weighed it again. The difference in mass was 5.1 g . Identify the gas.
Answer : The diatomic gas is nitrogen gas, N₂.
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the moles of gas.
Using ideal gas equation:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
where,
P = Pressure of gas = 1.00 atm
V = Volume of gas = 4.4 L
n = number of moles of gas = ?
R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821L.atm/mol.K[/tex]
T = Temperature of gas = [tex]22.0^oC=273+22.0=295.0K[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1.00atm\times 4.4L=n\times (0.0821L.atm/mol.K)\times 295.0K[/tex]
[tex]n=0.1817mol[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the molar mass of gas.
[tex]\text{Molar mass of gas}=\frac{\text{Given mass of gas}}{\text{Moles of gas}}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Molar mass of gas}=\frac{5.1g}{0.1817mol}=28.07g/mol[/tex]
As we are given that the gas is diatomic X₂.
As, 2 atoms of gas X has mass = 28.07 g/mol
So, 1 atom of gas will have mass = [tex]\frac{28.07}{2}=14.04g/mol[/tex]
From this we conclude that the nitrogen atom has mass of 14.04 g/mol.
Thus, the diatomic gas is nitrogen gas, N₂.
HURRY PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!
Which of the following best explains why the bonds in ammonia (NH3) are polar covalent?
A. Nitrogen has a greater number of isotopes than hydrogen.
B. Nitrogen has a greater electronegativity value than hydrogen.
C. Nitrogen has a mass number that is 14 times that of hydrogen.
D. Nitrogen has seven neutrons, but hydrogen does not have any neutrons.
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
As nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen atom, it attracts the electronic cloud towards it center. This results in poles formation that is partial positive charge on hydrogen and partial negative charge on hydrogen atom. Hence, it makes polar polar covalent bond.
The statement which best explain why the bonds in ammonia is polar covalent is " nitrogen has greater electronegativity than hydrogen. Thus option C is correct.
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity is ability of an atom to attracts bonded pair electrons towards it. The atoms which can acquire stability by accepting one ore more electrons are electronegative.
Nitrogen is an electronegative atom and its valency is 3 means it needs 3 more electron to attain stability. Thus nitrogen is able to attracts the shared electron from hydrogen and forms a partial negative charge.
Hydrogen is an electropositive atom and it forms a partial positive charge by releasing the shared electron towards nitrogen. This charge separation creates there a polarity. That's the bond type is called polar covalent.
Hence, the bond type in ammonia is polar covalent due to the higher electronegativity of nitrogen than hydrogen.
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780. mm Hg to kPa,
I'm struggling to get the answer with the correct sig figs ;(
Answer:
103.9 kPa
Explanation:
It's more easy to convert mmHg to Pa and then /1000
Let's try the rule of three:
760 mmHg is 101325 Pa
780 mmHg (780 mmHg . 101325 Pa) / 760mmHg = 103991.4 Pa
1 kPa = 1000 Pa
103991.4 Pa / 1000 = 103.9 kPa
If you want to use a serial dilution to make a 1/50 dilution. The first dilution you make is a 1/5 dilution with a total volume of 1 ml. To make that dilution you would add ______of your stock solution and______ of your solvent. Then you make a 1/10 dilution and add ______ of your first dilution and ______ of your solvent.Select one:a. 0.1 ml, 0.9 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.8 mlb. 0.3 ml, 0.7 ml, 0.1 ml, 0.9 mlc. 0.2 ml, 0.8 ml, 0.1 ml, 0.9 mld. 0.2 ml, 0.8 ml, 0.3 ml, 0.7 mle. None of these answer choice
Answer:
c.
Explanation:
A serial dilution is a dilution that is made fractionated. The stock solution is diluted, then this now solution is diluted, and then successively. The final dilution is the multiplication of the steps dilutions.
The representation of the dilution is v/v (volume per volume) indicates how much of the stock solution is in the total volume of the solution. So 1/5 indicates 1 mL to 5 mL of the solution. If the final volume must be 1 mL, then the stock solution must be 0.2 mL (0.2/1 = 1/5), and the volume of the solvent is 1 mL - 0.2 = 0.8 mL.
The second solution is done with a dilution of 1/10 or 1 mL of the first solution in 10 mL of the total solution. Because the solution has 1 mL, then the volume of the first solution must be 0.1 mL (0.1/1 = 1/10), and the volume of the solvent that must be added is 1 mL - 0.1 mL = 0.9 mL.
What is the coefficient of Ca(OH)2 in the equation Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O when balanced using the smallest possible coefficients?
Answer:
The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 is 1
Explanation:
Step 1: unbalanced equation
Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
Step 2: Balancing the equation
On the right side we have 2x N (in Ca(NO3)2 ) and 1x N on the left side (in HNO3). To balance the amount of N on both sides, we have to multiply HNO3 by 2.
Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
On the left side we have 4x H (2xH in Ca(OH)2 and 2x H in HNO3), on the right side we have 2x H (in H2O). To balance the amount of H on both sides, we have to multiply H2O on the right side, by 2.
Now the equationis balanced.
Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 is 1
Final answer:
The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 is 1.
Explanation:
The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 in the equation Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O when balanced using the smallest possible coefficients is 1.
In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have ________. In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have ________. A. more electrons than protons B. more protons than neutrons C. more neutrons than protons D.more protons than electrons
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The charge on an atom depends on the number of protons and electrons present in it. The protons in an atom are positively charged while electrons have a negative charge. For a neutral atom, the number of protons balances the number of electrons. for a negatively charged atom, the number of electrons is more than the number of protons. for a positively charged atom , the number of protons are more than the number of electrons.
An atom must have more protons than electrons in order to have a positive charge.
Explanation:In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have more protons than electrons.
An atom is electrically neutral when it has the same number of electrons and protons. But if an atom has more protons than electrons, it will have an overall positive charge. For example, a dime has more protons than electrons, so it has a positive charge.
The positive charge of a proton is balanced by the negative charge of an electron. If an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion with a positive or negative charge.
Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following isotopic masses: 47Ag 107 – 106.90509 47Ag 109 – 108.9047 The average atomic mass of silver is 107.8682 amu. The abundance of the lighter of the two isotopes is __________. 3/1
A) 0.2422B) 0.4816C) 0.5184D) 0.7578E) 0.9047
Answer:
c) .51835
Explanation:
Let the relative abundance of the lighter of the two isotopes be X we have
Then the relative abundance of the heavier isotope is then (1-X)
Whereby we have that in nature the amount of the lighter silver found in proportion is X and the heavier isotope of silver is present as (1-X) proportion in nature.
To calculate the relative atomic mass of silver, we have
(Mass of light weight silver)×X + (mass of heavier isotope of silver×(1-X) = relative atomic mass of silver
106.90509(X) + 108.9047(1-X)
108.9-108.9(x)+106.9(x) = 107.87
-2x-1.03 = 0.517450902926
Closest answer is c
c) .5184
The relative atomic mass of isotopes is the weighted average by the mole-fraction of abundance of these isotopes which gives the atomic weight that is listed for that element on the periodic table.
Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water. What mass of hydrochloric acid will be needed to produce 5.00 x 10 3 kg of calcium chloride?
Answer:
3284.3 kg is the mass of HCl needed to produce 5000 kg of CaCl₂
Explanation:
This is the reaction:
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O
Let's convert the mass of the product to moles (mass (g) / molar mas)
Firstly we must convert kg to g
1 kg = 1000 g
5×10³ kg . 1000 g / 1 kg = 5×10⁶ g
5×10⁶ g / 110.98 g/mol = 45053.1 moles
Ratio is 1:2 So, let's make a rule of three:
1 mol of CaCl₂ was produced by the use of 2 moles of HCl
So 45053.1 moles of salt, were produced by, the double of moles
45053.1 mol . 2 → 90106.2 moles
Let's convert the moles, to mass (mol . molar mass)
90106.2 mol . 36.45 g/mol = 3284375 g → 3284.3 kg
Which of the following is the best example of an isolated system?
A. A bus at a bus station
B. An astronaut in a spaceship
C. A motorcycle in a garage
D. A car on the freeway
An astronaut in a spaceship. Hence, option B is correct.
What is an isolated system?A system that does not interact with its surroundings.
To stay physiologically, emotionally and psychologically fit in isolation, astronauts exercise, eat healthily, follow a sleep and work schedule, and make time for leisure activities.
Hence, an astronaut in a spaceship is an isolated system.
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ilver bromide is used to coat ordinary black-and-white photographic film, while high-speed film uses silver iodide. (a) When 56.6 mL of 5.00 g/L AgNO3 is added to a coffee-cup calorimeter containing 56.6 mL of 5.00 g/L NaI, with both solutions at 25°C, what mass of AgI forms?
Answer:
Mass of AgI formed=0.352g
Explanation:
AgNO3 + NaI ----‐>AgI + NaNO3
Volume of AgNO3 =5g/L
Mass of AgNO3 =C×V=0.25g
n(AgNO3)= m/Mr=0.0015mol
For NaI
V= 5g/l
Mass= C×v=0.25g
n=m/Mr=0.0017mol
n=0.0015mol
Mass=n× mr=0.352g
From the stoichiometry of the reaction, 0.45 g of AgI is formed.
First of all we have to obtain the molar concentration of AgNO3 using the formula;
Mass concentration = molar concentration × molar mass
Molar concentration = Mass concentration /molar mass
Molar concentration = 5.00 g/L/170 g/mol = 0.029 M
Number of moles of AgNO3 = molar concentration × volume
= 0.029 M × 56.6/1000 L= 0.0016 moles
Molar concentration of NaI = 5.00 g/L /150 g/mol = 0.033 M
Number of moles of NaI = 0.033 M × 56.6/1000 L = 0.0019 moles
The reaction equation is;
AgNO3 + NaI -----> AgI + NaNO3
Since the reaction is 1:1 then AgNO3 is the limiting reactant.
Mass of AgI formed = 0.0016 moles × 235 g/mol = 0.45 g
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Match the associations with the "light" and "dark" phases of photosynthesis:
a. solar energy.
b. CO 2 intake.
c. release of energy.
d. storage of energy.
e. release of O2.
f. release of water.
g. ATP.
h. forms carbohydrates.
Answer:
Explanation:
Light:
Solar Energy, Storage of Energy, Release of O2, & ATP
Dark:
CO2 Intake, Release of Energy, Release of Water, & Forms Carbohydrates.
Hope this helps!
Final answer:
In photosynthesis, solar energy is utilized during the light phase to produce ATP and release O₂, while the Calvin cycle (dark phase) involves CO₂ intake and the formation of energy-storing carbohydrates.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis consists of two main phases: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle (often referred to as the 'dark' phase). Here is the association of the given elements to each phase:
Solar energy (a) is used during the light reactionsCO₂ intake (b) and forms carbohydrates (h) occur during the Calvin cycleThe light reactions involve the release of energy (c), which is captured in the form of ATP (g)Storage of energy (d) takes place in the Calvin cycle as energy is stored in carbohydrate moleculesThe release of O₂ (e) is a by-product of the light reactionsRelease of water (f) is not directly a product of photosynthesis and generally relates to transpiration rather than photosynthesis itselfLight Phase Associations
Solar energy (a)Release of energy as ATP (c and g)Release of O₂ (e)Dark Phase (Calvin cycle) Associations
CO₂ intake (b)Storage of energy in carbohydrates (d and h)These associations help the processes involved in photosynthesis, where light energy is captured to produce ATP and NADPH, and then used along with CO₂ in the Calvin cycle to produce energy-storing carbohydrates, with O₂ released as a by-product.
Predict the mass of oxygen required to react with 14 g of nitrogen to make N2O5 if 16 g of oxygen reacts with 14 g of nitrogen to make N2O2.
The mass of oxygen reacted with 14 g nitrogen has been 16 grams.
The formation of dinitrogen dioxide has been mediated with the reaction of oxygen with nitrogen.
Mass of Oxygen requiredThe mass of oxygen required for the reaction has been given with the balanced chemical equation as:
[tex]\rm N_2\;+\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;N_2O_2[/tex]
Thus, for the reaction with 1 mole of oxygen, 1 mole of nitrogen has been required.
The mass of 1 mole oxygen has been 32 g.
The mass of 1 mole nitrogen has been 28 g.
Thus, for the reaction with 14 g nitrogen, the mass of oxygen required has been:
[tex]\rm 28\g\;N_2=32\;g\;O_2\\14\;g\;N_2=\dfrac{32}{28}\;\times\;14\g\;O_2\\14\;g\;N_2=165\;g\;O_2[/tex]
The mass of oxygen reacted with 14 g nitrogen has been 16 grams.
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The mass of oxygen required to react with 14 g of nitrogen to make [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is 80 g.
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] from nitrogen [tex](N_2)[/tex] and oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] is:
[tex]\[ N_2 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2O_5 \][/tex]
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of [tex]N_2O_2[/tex] from nitrogen [tex](N_2)[/tex] and oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] is:
[tex]\[ N_2 + 2O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2O_2 \][/tex]
From the second equation, we can see that 16 g of oxygen reacts with 14 g of nitrogen to form [tex]N_2O_2[/tex]. This gives us the molar ratio of oxygen to nitrogen for [tex]N_2O_2[/tex], which is 2:1 by mass.
Now, we need to find out the molar ratio of oxygen to nitrogen for [tex]N_2O_5[/tex]. From the first equation, the molar ratio of oxygen to nitrogen is 5:1.
Since the mass of nitrogen (14 g) is the same in both reactions, we can directly compare the ratios of oxygen used in both reactions.
For [tex]N_2O_2[/tex], we have 16 g of oxygen for every 14 g of nitrogen, and for [tex]N_2O_5[/tex], we need 5 times as much oxygen for the same amount of nitrogen.
Therefore, the mass of oxygen required for [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is:
[tex]\[ \frac{5}{2} \times 16 \text{ g of oxygen} = 40 \text{ g of oxygen} \][/tex]
Using the molar masses of nitrogen (14 g/mol for [tex]N_2[/tex]) and oxygen (32 g/mol for [tex]O_2[/tex]), we can calculate the amount of oxygen needed:
[tex]\[ \frac{14 \text{ g of N2}}{28 \text{ g/mol of N2}} \times \frac{5 \text{ mol of O2}}{1 \text{ mol of N2}} \times 32 \text{ g/mol of O2} = 80 \text{ g of O2} \][/tex]
At a certain temperature this reaction follows second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 14.1 M⁻¹s⁻¹ : ---> 2SO₃g + 2SO₂g O₂g Suppose a vessel contains SO₃ at a concentration of 1.44M . Calculate the concentration of SO₃ in the vessel 0.240 seconds later. You may assume no other reaction is important.Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Answer : The concentration of SO₃ in the vessel 0.240 seconds later is, 0.24 M
Explanation :
The expression used for second order kinetics is:
[tex]kt=\frac{1}{[A_t]}-\frac{1}{[A_o]}[/tex]
where,
k = rate constant = [tex]14.1M^{-1}s^{-1}[/tex]
t = time = 0.240 s
[tex][A_t][/tex] = final concentration = ?
[tex][A_o][/tex] = initial concentration = 1.44 M
Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:
[tex]14.1\times 0.240=\frac{1}{[A_t]}-\frac{1}{1.44}[/tex]
[tex][A_]t=0.24M[/tex]
Therefore, the concentration of SO₃ in the vessel 0.240 seconds later is, 0.24 M
Assuming 100% dissociation, calculate the freezing point and boiling point of 1.22 m SnCl₄(aq). Constants may be found here.
Colligative Constants
Constants for freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation calculations at 1 atm:
Solvent - Formula - [tex]K_f[/tex] value*(°C/m) - Normal freezing point (°C) - [tex]K_b[/tex] value (°C/m) - Normal boiling point (°C)
water - H₂O - 1.86 - 0.00 - 0.512 - 100.00
benzene - C₆H₆ - 5.12 - 5.49 - 2.53 - 80.1
cyclohexane - C₆H₁₂ - 20.8 - 6.59 - 2.92 - 80.7
ethanol - C₂H₆O - 1.99 - -117.3 - 1.22 - 78.4
carbon tetrachloride - CCl₄ - 29.8 - -22.9 - 5.03 - 76.8
camphor - C₁₀H₁₆O - 37.8 - 176
*When using positive [tex]K_f[/tex] values, assume that ?[tex]T_f[/tex] is the absolute value of the change in temperature. If you would prefer to define ?[tex]T_f[/tex] as "final minus initial" temperature, then ?[tex]T_f[/tex] will be negative and so you must use negative [tex]K_f[/tex] values. Either way, the freezing point of the solution should be lower than that of the pure solvent.
[tex]T_f[/tex] = _______ Celsius
[tex]T_b[/tex] = _______ Celsius
Answer:
T° freezing solution → -11.3°C
T° boiling solution → 103.1 °C
Explanation:
Assuming 100 % dissociation, we must find the i, Van't Hoff factor which means "the ions that are dissolved in solution"
This salt dissociates as this:
SnCl₄ (aq) → 1Sn⁴⁺ (aq) + 4Cl⁻ (aq) (so i =5)
The formula for the colligative property of freezing point depression and boiling point elevation are:
ΔT = Kf . m . i
where ΔT = T° freezing pure solvent - T° freezing solution
ΔT = Kb . m . i
where ΔT = T° boiling solution - T° boiling pure solvent
Freezing point depression:
0° - T° freezing solution = 1.86°C/m . 1.22 m . 5
T° freezing solution = - (1.86°C/m . 1.22 m . 5) → -11.3°C
Boiling point elevation:
T° boiling solution - 100°C = 0.512 °C/m . 1.22 m . 5
T° boiling solution = (0.512 °C/m . 1.22 m . 5) + 100°C → 103.1 °C
A central component of nonmaterial culture is __________, which are the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real.
Answer: Beliefs
Explanation: This is a fundamental definition in sociology; the study of society, human social interaction and the rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups and institutions.
Beliefs are ordinarily defined as the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true, real or just the way they are.
Beliefs are a central component of nonmaterial culture, influencing behaviors, values, and norms in a society.
Explanation:A central component of nonmaterial culture is beliefs, which are the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real. These beliefs can vary widely from one culture to another and can shape behaviors, values, and norms within a society. For example, in some cultures, the belief in an afterlife may lead to specific burial rituals, while in other cultures, the belief in a strict diet may shape what foods are considered acceptable or taboo.
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Beliefs are a central component of nonmaterial culture, representing the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real. They set the foundation for individuals' perception of the world and guide their behaviors.
Explanation:A central component of nonmaterial culture is beliefs, which are the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real. Nonmaterial culture refers to the intangible aspects of a society, including its values, norms, and ideologies. These beliefs form the foundation of how individuals perceive and interact with the world, guiding behaviors and influencing societal standards. For example, the belief in equality may cultivate a culture of fairness and non-discrimination in a society.
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A machine has a mechanical advantage of 0.6. What force should be applied to the machine to make it apply 600 N to an object?
Answer:
1000N is needed to be applied.
Explanation:
Machines make doing work easier. They allow us use small effort to carry out work on huge amount of load.
The mechanical advantage of a machine;
(M.A) =load/effort
M.A = 0.6
Load =600N
effort =?
0.6 = 600/effort
effort = 600/0.6
effort = 1000N
Answer:c
Explanation:
Can you determine the average atomic mass for an element if you know only the atomic number and mass number of an atom? If not, what other information would you need?
Answer: To determine the average atomic mass, we require abundance of every isotope in the nature.
Explanation:
Average atomic mass is defined as the sum of masses of each isotope each multiplied by their natural fractional abundance.
Formula used to calculate average atomic mass follows:
[tex]\text{Average atomic mass }=\sum_{i=1}^n\text{(Atomic mass of an isotopes)}_i\times \text{(Fractional abundance})_i[/tex]
For Example: There are 3 isotopes of silicon, Si-28, Si-29 and Si-30.
We know that:
Average atomic mass of silicon = 28.086 amu
In order to calculate the average atomic mass of an element, we need the atomic mass of every isotope and also the abundance of every isotope in the nature.
Percentage abundance of Si-28 isotope = 92.2 %
Percentage abundance of Si-29 isotope = 4.7 %
Percentage abundance of Si-30 isotope = 3.1 %
Hence, to determine the average atomic mass, we require abundance of every isotope in the nature.
An unknown compound contains only C, H, and O. Combustion of 6.10 g of this compound produced 14.9 g of CO₂ and 6.10 g of H₂O. What is the empirical formula of the unknown compound?
Answer:
The answer to your question is C₃H₃O
Explanation:
Data
Combustion of a compound C, H, O
mass = 6.10 g
mass CO2 = 14.9 g
mass of water = 6.10 g
Reaction
Cx Hy Oz + O2 ⇒ CO2 + H2O
Process
1.- Calculate the moles of carbon
44 g of CO2 -------------- 12 g of carbon
14.9 g of CO2 ------------- x
x = (14.9 x 12) / 44
x = 4.06 g
12 g of C ------------------ 1 mol
4.06 g ------------------- x
x = (4.06 x 1) / 12
x = 0.34 moles
2.- Calculate the moles of hydrogen
18 g of water ------------- 1 g of hydrogen
6.10 g of water ---------- x
x = (6.10 x 1) / 18
x = 0.33 g
1 g of H ---------------- 1 mol of H
0.33 g ---------------- x
x = (0.33 x 1) / 1
x = 0.33 moles of H
3.- Calculate the mass of oxygen
mass of Oxygen = 6.10 - 4.06 - 0.33
= 1.71 g
16 g of O --------------- 1 mol of O
1.71 g of O ------------- x
x = (1.71 x 1) / 16
x = 0.11 moles
4.- Divide by the lowest number of moles
Carbon = 0.34 / 0.11 = 3
Hydrogen = 0.33 / 0.11 = 3
Oxygen = 0.11 /0.11 = 1
5.- Write the empirical formula
C₃H₃O
In the paleoatmosphere, the primary gases were _____. a) oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen b) carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor c) oxygen and water vapor d) carbon dioxide and oxygen
Answer: Option A. oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen
Explanation:
Choose the answer that best completes the following statement: When an aluminum atom reacts so as to attain a noble gas electron configuration?
The options
Select one:
a. a 3- ion forms.
b. the noble gas configuration of argon is achieved.
c. the result is a configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6.
d. the atom gains five electrons.
Answer:
c. the result is a configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6.
Explanation:
Aluminium atom has atomic number of 13 , hence the number of electron is 13 for a neutral atom of aluminium. When aluminium atom reacts with other elements it usually gives out three electron to attain the octet configuration.
The cation representation of aluminium is Al3+ because it has loss three electron to attain the octet rule. Aluminium will be left with 10 electrons after losing 3 of it electrons. The electronic configuration will be represented as follows after losing three electrons;
1S² 2S² 2P∧6 .
At this stage the octet rule has been achieved as it will be represented as
2 8. The first energy shell now contains two electron and the second energy shell contains 8 electrons.
The configuration of Neon has been formed in the process.
Nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following statements is correct about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge.
B) The nitrogen atom has a strong positive charge.
C) Each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge.
D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge.
E) There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms.
In the molecule ammonia (NH3), each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge and the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:In the molecule ammonia (NH3), each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge (A) because nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen. The nitrogen atom, on the other hand, has a partial negative charge (D) due to the uneven distribution of electrons. The presence of covalent bonds between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms (E) results in the formation of ammonia.
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For action potential generation and propagation, are there any other cation channels that could substitute for the voltage-gated sodium channels if the sodium channels were blocked?
Final answer:
Other cation channels, such as voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels, can substitute for the function of blocked voltage-gated sodium channels in action potential generation and propagation.
Explanation:
If the voltage-gated sodium channels are blocked, other cation channels can substitute for their function in action potential generation and propagation. One such cation channel is the voltage-gated calcium channel. Although calcium channels primarily play a role in synaptic transmission, they can also contribute to the depolarization phase of the action potential in the absence of functional sodium channels.
Another cation channel that can substitute for voltage-gated sodium channels is the voltage-gated potassium channel. While potassium channels primarily repolarize the membrane during the action potential, they can also contribute to the depolarization phase in the absence of sodium channels.
It is important to note that these cation channels may not fully replicate the function of voltage-gated sodium channels, and the exact impact on action potential generation and propagation can vary depending on the specific circumstances.
Based on extrapolation of your lab results, write the dissolution reaction for the ionic solids below. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)(A) Mn(ClO4)2(B) Li2CO3The two solutions, when mixed, will have two cations and two anions.(C) Based on your lab results, enter the cation and anion for which a precipitate will form. (Separate substances in a list with a comma.)(D) Write the net precipitation reaction that occurs. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)
Answer:
The answer has been provided in the attachment
Explanation:
The step by step explanation is as given in the attachment below.
The dissolution reactions for Mn(ClO4)2 and Li2CO3 are Mn(ClO4)2(s) -> Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) and Li2CO3(s) -> 2Li+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) respectively. The cations Mn^2+ and Li+ will react with the anions ClO4^- and CO3^2- respectively to form a precipitate. The net precipitation reaction is Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) + 2Li+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) -> Mn(ClO4)2(s) + Li2CO3(s).
Explanation:(A) The dissolution reaction for Mn(ClO4)2 is:
Mn(ClO4)2(s) → Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq)
(B) The dissolution reaction for Li2CO3 is:
Li2CO3(s) → 2Li+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
(C) Based on the lab results and the solutions, a precipitate will form when the cations Mn2+ and Li+ react with the anions ClO4- and CO32- respectively.
(D) The net precipitation reaction that occurs is:
Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) + 2Li+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → Mn(ClO4)2(s) + Li2CO3(s)
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What is the molarity (M) of chloride ions in a solution prepared by mixing 155 ml of 0.276 M calcium chloride with 384 ml of 0.471 M aluminum chloride?
Answer: The concentration of [tex]Cl^-[/tex] ions in the resulting solution is 1.16 M.
Explanation:
To calculate the molarity of the solution after mixing 2 solutions, we use the equation:
[tex]M=\frac{n_1M_1V_1+n_2M_2V_2}{V_1+V_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of the [tex]CaCl_2[/tex]
[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of the [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]
We are given:
[tex]n_1=2\\M_1=0.276M\\V_1=155mL\\n_2=3\\M_2=0.471M\\V_2=384mL[/tex]
Putting all the values in above equation, we get
[tex]M=\frac{(2\times 0.276\times 155)+(3\times 0.471\times 384)}{155+384}\\\\M=1.16M[/tex]
The concentration of [tex]Cl^-[/tex] ions in the resulting solution will be same as the molarity of solution which is 1.16 M.
Hence, the concentration of [tex]Cl^-[/tex] ions in the resulting solution is 1.16 M.
The molarity of Cl¯ in the solution made by mixing 155 mL of 0.276 M CaCl₂ with 384 mL of 0.471 M AlCl₃ is 1.165 M
We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of chloride ion, Cl¯ in each solution.
For CaCl₂:Volume = 155 mL = 155 / 1000 = 0.155 L
Molarity = 0.276 M
Mole of CaCl₂ =?Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of CaCl₂ = 0.276 × 0.155
Mole of CaCl₂ = 0.04278 moleCaCl₂(aq) —> Ca²⁺(aq) + 2Cl¯(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of CaCl₂ contains 2 moles of Cl¯
Therefore,
0.04278 mole of CaCl₂ will contain = 0.04278 × 2 = 0.08556 mole of Cl¯
Thus, 0.08556 mole of Cl¯ is present in 155 mL of 0.276 M of CaCl₂.
For AlCl₃:Volume = 384 mL = 384 / 1000 = 0.384 L
Molarity = 0.471 M
Mole of AlCl₃ =?Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of AlCl₃ = 0.471 × 0.384
Mole of AlCl₃ = 0.180864 moleAlCl₃(aq) —> Al³⁺(aq) + 3Cl¯(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of AlCl₃ contains 3 moles of Cl¯
Therefore,
0.180864 mole of AlCl₃ will contain = 0.180864 × 3 = 0.542592 mole of Cl¯
Thus, 0.542592 mole of Cl¯ is present in 384 ml of 0.471 M of AlCl₃
Next, we shall determine the total mole of Cl¯ in the resulting solution.Mole of Cl¯ in CaCl₂ = 0.08556 mole
Mole of Cl¯ in AlCl₃ = 0.542592
Total mole = 0.08556 + 0.542592
Total mole = 0.628152 mole Next, we shall determine the total volume of the resulting solutionVolume of CaCl₂ = 0.155 L
Volume of AlCl₃ = 0.384 L
Total volume = 0.155 + 0.384
Total volume = 0.539 LFinally, we shall determine the molarity of Cl¯ in the resulting solutionTotal mole = 0.628152 mole
Total volume = 0.539 L
Molarity of Cl¯ =?Molarity = mole / Volume
Molarity of Cl¯ = 0.628152 / 0.539
Molarity of Cl¯ = 1.165 MTherefore, the molarity of Cl¯ in the resulting solution is 1.165 M
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Write a balanced equation for the dissolution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in water. Find the number of moles of Na+ produced when 0.207 mol of sodium carbonate dissolves.
Answer:
in the presence of water H2O
Na2CO3 (S) --> 2Na+ (aq)+ (CO3)2-(aq)
One mole of sodium carbonate produces two moles of Na+ ions
Therefore 0.207 moles produces 0.414 moles of Na+ ions
= 0.414 moles of Na+ ions
Explanation:
In water
Na2CO3 --> 2Na+ (aq)+ (CO3)2-(aq)
In a limited reaction, the carbonate ion reacts with the water molecules as follows
(CO3)2-(aq) + H2O←→HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq)
sodium carbonate or soda ash dissolves in water to give 2 sodium cations and one carbonate anion
The balanced equation for the dissolution of sodium carbonate in water produces two moles of Na+ for every mole of Na2CO3. For 0.207 mol of sodium carbonate, it yields 0.414 mol of Na+ ions.
Explanation:The balanced equation for the dissolution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in water is:
Na2CO3(s) → 2Na+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq)
When 0.207 mol of sodium carbonate dissolves in water, it produces two moles of Na+ ions for every mole of sodium carbonate. Therefore, to find the number of moles of Na+ produced we multiply:
0.207 mol Na2CO3 × 2 mol Na+ / 1 mol Na2CO3 = 0.414 mol Na+
Using this information together with the standard enthalpies of formation of O2(g), CO2(g), and H2O(l) from Appendix C, calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone.
Complete combustion of 1 mol of acetone (C3H6O) liberates 1790 kJ:
C3H6O(l)+4O2(g)?3CO2(g)+3H2O(l)?H?=?1790kJ
Answer:
ΔHacetone = - 247.5 kJ/mol
Explanation:
The enthalpy equation is as follows
ΣnΔHproducts – ΣmΔHreactants =ΔHreaction
3×ΣnΔH(CO2(g)) + 3×ΣnΔH(H2O) - ΣnΔH (C3H6O(l)) =ΔHreaction = -1790 kJ/mol
[3(-393.5) + 3(-285.8)] – ΔHacetone
= -1790 kJ/mol
(-1180.5 – 857.4)kJ/mol - ΔHacetone =
-1790 kJ/mol
-2037.9 kJ/mol - ΔHacetone
= -1790kJ/mol
-2037.9 kJ/mol + 1790kJ/mol = ΔHacetone
- 247.5 kJ/mol = ΔHacetone
ΔHacetone = - 247.5 kJ/mol
To determine the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone (C3H6O), we can use the combustion reaction equation and the standard enthalpies of formation of other compounds involved. By applying Hess's Law and the enthalpy change of the reaction, we can calculate the standard enthalpy of formation.
Explanation:The standard enthalpy of formation of acetone (C3H6O) can be calculated using the given equation for the combustion of acetone and the standard enthalpies of formation of O2(g), CO2(g), and H2O(l). For the combustion reaction:
C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
The enthalpy change or ΔH of the reaction is -1790 kJ. Using Hess's Law and the enthalpy change, we can determine the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone.
We can set up an equation using the standard enthalpy of formation values:
ΔH = Σ(ΔHf(products)) - Σ(ΔHf(reactants))
By rearranging the equation, we can solve for the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone.
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1. a substance that changes the rate of the reaction, and is not consumed in the reaction solution
2. a uniform mixture of molecules or ions of one substance in another solvent
3. the substance dissolved in a solution solute
4. that component of a solution which dissolves the solute catalyst
Answer:
1. Catalyst
2. Solution
3. Solute
4. Solvent
Explanation:
1. A catalyst increases reaction rate but is not used up or consumed in the reaction
Example of a catalyst found in nature are Enzymes
2. Solution, an homogeneous mixture of two or more substances solutes and solvents
3. Solute, the component of a solution dissolved in the solvent
4. Solvent, the component of a solution that dissolves the solute
A ________ is a solid, naturally occurring, cohesive substance composed of minerals or mineral-like materials.
Answer:
Rock
Explanation:
Rock -
It refers to the substance composed of minerals which occurs naturally , is referred to as a rock.
Rocks are basically found in the outermost layer of the Earth i.e. , the crust .
There are three major type of rock known, i.e. , sedimentary rocks , metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks .
Hence, from the given information of the question,
The correct answer is rock.
A rock is a solid, naturally occurring, cohesive substance composed of minerals or mineral-like materials. Examples include granite which comprises various minerals. Rocks are classified into three types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Explanation:A rock is a solid, naturally occurring, cohesive substance composed of minerals or mineral-like materials. For instance, granite is a common form of rock that comprises several minerals including feldspar, mica, and quartz. Rocks can be classified into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, each type formed under different geological conditions and processes.
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