Answer:
The answer to your question is the coefficients are 2, 1, 1, 2
Explanation:
Chemical Reaction
HCl + Na₂CO₃ ⇒ H₂CO₃ + NaCl
Reactants Elements Products
1 Cl 1
2 Na 1
1 C 1
1 H 2
3 O 3
This reaction is unbalanced
2 HCl + Na₂CO₃ ⇒ H₂CO₃ + 2 NaCl
Reactants Elements Products
1 Cl 1
2 Na 2
2 C 2
2 H 2
3 O 3
Now, the reaction is balanced.
Answer:
The coefficients are: 2,1,1,2 (Option 3)
Explanation:
Step 1: Unbalanced equation
HCl + Na2CO3 → H2CO3 + NaCl
Step 2 : Balancing the equation
On the right side we have 2x H (in H2CO3), on the left side we have 1x H (in HCl). To balance the amount of H, we have to multiply HCl, on the left side, by 2.
2 HCl + Na2CO3 → H2CO3 + NaCl
On the left side we have 2x Na (in Na2CO3), on the right side, we have 1x Na (in NaCl). To balance the amount of Na, we have to multiply NaCl, on the right side, by 2. Now the equation is balanced.
2 HCl + Na2CO3 → H2CO3 + 2NaCl
The coefficients are: 2,1,1,2 (Option 3)
Describe and compare the building blocks, general structires and biological functions of carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are basically composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen having the general formula CnH2nOn.
There are 3 types of carbohydrates which are dependent on the number of "n"
Monosaccharides which are n>3 (Triose) are the aldose and ketose.
They are the simpleat and smallest form and they are Glucose, fructose and galactose
Disaccharides are structure of the combination of the monosaccharides by glycosidic bond and they are sucrose, lactose, maltose etc
Polysaccharides are the largest and insoluble form of carbohydrates. They are cellulose, starch, glycogen etc.
Lipids(triglycerides) are solid fats or series of repeated fats at room temperature, they are insoluble in water both soluble in some organic solvents. They are also composed of glycerides (3 molecules). Its structure is composed of two parts, the soluble part composing of the -COOH group and the insoluble part that can be saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain
Saturated fats - CH3(CH2)nCOOH
Their types are phospholipids, glycolipids etc
Proteins are polymers of peptides called polypeptides. The bond linking the structure together is called a peptide bond (-CONH-). They form chains of amino acid.
There are 4 levels of protein structures and they are
The primary structure defines the basic straight chain structure of an amino acid. They form the basis of genetic mutation.
Secondary structure involves the folding of this chain into alpha helix or beta pleated.
Tertiary structure is a 3-D structure that involves the hydrophobic and Hydrophilic parts pf the structure. The hydrophobic part apreads outwards while the hydrophyllic parts curve inwards by the action of van der waals forces.
Tertiary structure in this case is the example of the Haemoglobin
Nucleic acids is the building block for RNA and DNA (ribo- and Deoxyribonucleic acid). This is composed of a nitrogenous base which can either be purine or pyrimidine bases, a ribose sugar (5- Carbon sugar and phosphate group
The bond holding the nucleotides together is called phosphodiester bond.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are composed of monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides respectively. They serve as energy sources, structural components, and information carriers. Each has a unique composition but all are vital for life.
Explanation:The building blocks of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides, respectively. Carbohydrates are energy-generating compounds, where lipids are used mainly for long-term energy storage and insulating the body from cold. Proteins function in everything from immune response to structural support to chemical catalysis. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. Monosaccharides, are simple sugars like glucose and fructose. They serve as an immediate source of energy for organisms.
Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. They can be saturated or unsaturated, solid or liquid at room temperature. They function as a long-term energy storage molecule, provide insulation, and can serve as a metabolic water source.
Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They have a complex structure going from primary to quaternary. They serve multiple functions including enzymatic activity, transport, structural support, storage, and immune response.
Nucleic Acids, DNA and RNA, are made of nucleotides consisting of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. They store genetic information and conduct protein synthesis.
Learn more about Biochemistry here:https://brainly.com/question/33739439
#SPJ3
Draw the addition product formed when one equivalent of hcl reacts with the following diene.
Answer:
Major Product = 4-chloro-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene
Explanation:
Alkene are the class of organic compounds which contain one or more double bonds between two carbon atoms. Alkenes are considered most reactive among the unsaturated hydrocarbons and they undergo addition reactions due to high electron density around the double bonds.
In given question it is written that we are provided with one equivalent of HCl while, our compound contains two double bonds (diene) so in selected starting material the HCl will be added across (hydrohalogenation reaction) the substituted double bond because it will give a more stable carbocation (tertiary carbocation) during the reaction course. Hence, as shown in reaction scheme 4-chloro-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene will be the major product.
A balloon has a volume of 1.5 liters at 25.0 degrees Celsius. what would be the volume of the balloon if it were placed in a container of hot water at 90 degrees celsius?
Answer: 1.83Litres
Explanation:
From Charles Law, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to temperature,provided that pressure remains constant.
V1/T1 =V2/T2
V1 = 1.5L
T1 =25+273=298K
T2 = 90+273= 363K
V2= ?
1.5/298 = V2/363
V2 = 1.5 × 363 /298
V2 = 1.8L
Therefore at 90 degree Celsius, volume of the balloon is 1.8Litres
Sketch and explain the model for an atom, including electron shells and how the number of electrons in shells influence the loaning and transfer of electrons between atoms.
Answer:
The sketch and explanation is attached below.
Explanation:
Matter consists of atom, which is the smallest particle of an elements. Atoms consists of three parts; The protons which are positively charged, the neutrons which are neutral and the electrons which are negatively charged. both the proton and neutron make up the nucleus while the electron orbit outside of the nucleus.
Protons ; are positively charged which form the basis of the atoms. the symbol for protons is Z and the number of protons which make up an atom is also known as the atomic number which is a unique property of an element, no two elements must have the same atomic number.
Neutrons ; are neutral in an atom as such they do not have a charge and it is indicated by the letter N. the number of protons is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number of the proton number.
Electrons ; are negatively charged and they orbit outside of the nucleus of an atom. The mass of a proton is 1840 times greater than the mass of an electron.
Various scientist have given their own explanation of the model of an atom, people like Ernest rutherford, Neil bohr, John Dalton, JJ Thompson et al came up with different postulation of the atomic model. Neil bohr for example said about electrons they they do not only have energy, but they have a particular energy which are confined into energy levels that is the energy of the electrons were quantised. John dalton -the English scientist also came about his atomic theory ; each element has its own unique type of atom, atoms of each individual element have the same atomic weight, when atoms combine, they do so in fixed ratios. although most of dalton's theory have been modified.
An electron shell on the other hand comprises of the outer part of an atom i.e outside the nucleus. shells have sub-shells or sublevels. there are K-L-M shells. sodium (Na) for example has an atomic number of 11 and an electronic configuration of 2)8)1 - this implies that it has 3-shells -k-L-M and the last electron in its shells which is 1 is known as the valence electrons or the outermost electron. it is the number of electron at the outermost shell that takes part in the donating and accepting of electron.
Calcium(Ca) for example has an atomic number of 20, electronic configuration 2)8)8)2, K-L-M-N, it has four shells. the outermost electron (2) is the valence electron and it is the electron which determines the group of an element. this explains why sodium (Na) is a group 1 element and calcium (Ca) is a group 2 elements.
The valence electrons is the only electron that takes part in sharing during bonding. for example Sodium chloride(Nacl) - sodium has 1 electron at the outermost shell and chlorine has 7 electron in its outermost shell, hence its needs 1 more electron to attain the octet state , this 1 electron will be donated by Na to become a cation as such sodium becomes the reducing agent and chlorine is the oxidizing agent as it accept electron to become a anion. The essence of bonding or transfer or sharing of electrons is for atoms of element to either attain the octet or duplet state.
The atom model features a nucleus, electrons in shells, and valence electrons influencing bonding. Outer shell electron interactions drive covalent and ionic bonding, crucial in chemical reactivity.
The atom model is based on the understanding that atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals. The electrons are organized into electron shells, each with a specific energy level. The innermost shell is filled first before moving to the next, and the outermost shell determines the atom's chemical properties.
Electron shells are designated by principal quantum numbers (n), and each shell can accommodate a specific number of electrons. The first shell (n=1) can hold up to 2 electrons, the second (n=2) can hold up to 8, and so on. Electrons in the outermost shell are called valence electrons, and these play a crucial role in chemical bonding.
The number of electrons in the outermost shell influences an atom's reactivity. Atoms strive to achieve a full outer shell, following the octet rule. Some atoms achieve this by sharing electrons (covalent bonding), while others transfer electrons (ionic bonding). In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to complete their outer shells, forming stable molecules. In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons, creating ions with full outer shells.
Understanding electron distribution in shells provides insight into an atom's behavior in chemical reactions, facilitating predictions about its bonding tendencies. This model, incorporating electron shells, enhances our comprehension of atomic structure and guides our understanding of chemical interactions.
For more such information on: atom model
https://brainly.com/question/28825274
#SPJ6
f an electron has a mass of 9.709 x 10-31 kg, and a proton has a mass of 1.672 x 10-27 kg, approximately how many electrons are required to have the same mass as one proton?
Answer:
The answer is 1722 e⁻
Explanation:
Let's make a rule of three:
9.708×10⁻³¹ kg is the mass of 1 e⁻
1.672 ×10⁻²⁷ kg (which is 1 p⁺), how many e⁻ does it contain.?
1.672 ×10⁻²⁷ kg / 9.708×10⁻³¹ kg
The answer is 1722 e⁻
Ice cream is made by freezing a liquid mixture that, as a first approximation, can be considered a solution of sucrose (C12H22O11) in water. Estimate the temperature at which the first ice crystals begin to appear in a mix
Answer:
Hi.
The temperature is approximately zero degrees (0°C)
Explanation:
It is important to keep in mind that in the production of ice cream the decrease in the freezing point of the water present in the mixture is called the antifreeze power of the mixture. In ice cream, the freezing point decrease will be caused by each substance that is dissolved in the mixture: lactose, salts, sugars and any other substance. Each of these substances will contribute to the decrease in the freezing point of the mixture. The phase diagram attached in the file shows the sugar solutions in water. When a solution cools (point A), there comes a time when the freezing curve is reached (point B). At that moment ice begins to appear. As shown in the diagram this temperature is approximately zero degrees (0 ° C).
how many moles of ions form when 51.0 g of calcium iodide is dissolved in water? how many ions form?
Answer : The number of moles of ions form are, [tex]3.14\times 10^{23}[/tex] and there are 3 ions formed.
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the moles of calcium iodide.
[tex]\text{Moles of }CaI_2=\frac{\text{ given mass of }CaI_2}{\text{ molar mass of }CaI_2}[/tex]
Molar mass of calcium iodide = 293.9 g/mol
Mass of calcium iodide = 51.0 g
[tex]\text{Moles of }CaI_2=\frac{51.0g}{293.9g/mole}=0.174moles[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the number of moles of ions.
As we know that when calcium iodide dissolved in water then it dissocites to give calcium ion and iodide ion.
The balanced chemical reaction will be:
[tex]CaI_2(aq)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2I^{-}(aq)[/tex]
From this we conclude that there are 3 ions formed.
As, 1 mole of calcium iodide dissociate to give [tex]3\times (6.022\times 10^{23})[/tex] number of ions
So, 0.174 mole of calcium iodide dissociate to give [tex]0.174\times 3\times (6.022\times 10^{23})=3.14\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of ions
Thus, the number of moles of ions form are, [tex]3.14\times 10^{23}[/tex]
The side chain (R group) of the amino acid serine is CH₂OH. The side chain of the amino acid leucine is CH₂CH(CH₃)₂. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?A) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein. B) Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. C) Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. D) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein. E) Both serine and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
Answer: The correct choice is:
E) Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
Explanation:
The solubility and positioning of amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution are influenced by their side chains. Amino acids with hydrophilic (water-loving) side chains tend to be on the exterior of the protein where they can interact with water, while those with hydrophobic (water-fearing) side chains tend to be in the interior, away from water. In this case: Serine has a hydrophilic side chain (CH₂OH). Leucine has a hydrophobic side chain (CH₂CH(CH₃)₂). Therefore, you would expect serine to be on the exterior of the globular protein (interacting with water) and leucine to be in the interior (shielded from water). The correct choice is: E) Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
Rank these rock-forming minerals from most abundant to least abundant: (a) silicates, (b) carbonates, (c) sulfates, (d) oxides.
Answer:
Thus the correct order would be a, b,d and then c
Explanation:
Rank of rock-forming minerals from most abundant to least abundant
1. Silicates
2. Carbonates
3. Oxides
4. Sulfates
Thus the correct order would be a, b,d and then c
Which describes the volume of 1 mol of gas at standard temperature and pressure?
A) The volume is greater for a larger mass of gas.
B) The volume is the same for any gas.
C) The volume depends on the size of the container.
D) The volume varies with the pressure.
Answer:
B) The volume is the same for any gas.
Explanation:
Considering the ideal gas equation as:-
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
where,
P is the pressure
V is the volume
n is the number of moles
T is the temperature
R is Gas constant having value = 8.314 J/ K mol
At STP,
Pressure = 1 atm
Temperature = 273.15 K
So, applying the values we get that 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L
Thus, correct option is:- B) The volume is the same for any gas.
An atom of a particular element is traveling at 1.00% of the speed of light. The de Broglie wavelength is found to be 3.31 × 10-3 pm. Which element is this? Prove it.
Answer:
The given atom is of Ca.
Explanation:
Given data:
Speed of atom = 1% of speed of light
De-broglie wavelength = 3.31×10⁻³ pm (3.31×10⁻³ / 10¹² = 3.31×10⁻¹⁵ m)
What is element = ?
Solution:
Formula:
m = h/λv
m = mass of particle
h = planks constant
v = speed of particle
λ = wavelength
Now we will put the values in formula.
m = h/λv
m = 6.63×10⁻³⁴kg. m².s⁻¹/3.31×10⁻¹⁵ m ×( 1/100)×3×10⁸ m/s
m = 6.63×10⁻³⁴kg. m².s⁻¹/ 0.099×10⁻⁷m²/s
m = 66.97×10⁻²⁷ Kg/atom
or
6.69×10⁻²⁶ Kg/atom
Now here we will use the Avogadro number.
The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.
It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.
The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.
For example,
18 g of water = 1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules of water
Now in given problem,
6.69×10⁻²⁶ Kg/atom × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/ mol × 1000 g/ 1kg
40.3×10⁻³×10³g/mol
40.3 g/mol
So the given atom is of Ca.
The movement of sounds, in the same manner, is called wavelength.
The correct element is Ca.
The data in the question is as follows:-
Speed of atom is 1% of the speed of light De-Broglie wavelength = [tex]3.31*10^{-3}\\\\\frac{(3.31*10^{-3}}{10^{12}}\\ = 3.31*10^{-15} m[/tex]
The formula we will used is [tex]m = \frac{h}{λv}[/tex]
The data is given is as follows:-
m = mass of the particle h = planks constant v = speed of particle λ = wavelength
Now we will put the values in the formula and solve the equation.
[tex]m = \frac{6.63*10^{-34}}{3.31*10^{-15} ( \frac{1}{100})*3*10^8}[/tex]
After solving the value of m is[tex]66.97*10^{-27}[/tex]
Now in the given problem, the solution is as follows:-
[tex]6.69*10^{-26}* 6.022 * 10^{23} * 1000[/tex]
After solving the equation the answer is 40.3
Hence, the 40.3 is the mass of calcium.
For more information, refer to the link:-
https://brainly.com/question/22810476
What two gases have a profound effect on the type of organisms that can live in an area and influences the regions carrying capacity?
Answer:
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Oxygen is required for respiration whereby energy is released from natural occurring nutrients accompanied by the release of water and carbon dioxide. carbon dioxideis also required by plants to photosynthesise.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide in the troposphere supports life as by enabling respiration in organisms and photosynthesise in plants can. Without oxygen in an environment, only life forms that live by anaerobic respiration will thrive. This affects a regions carrying capacity
What is a mole? and how to I convert grams to kilograms and all that?
Answer:
A mole is equal to 6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms/molecules.
Explanation:
A mole is a unit of measurement. Think of it as a unit of measurement just like a dozen of eggs is equal to 12 eggs, one mole is equal to 6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms/molecules. This number, 6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex], is known as Avogadro's number and you use it to convert from the number of moles to the number of atoms or molecules.
For example, if you want to convert 81 grams of water ([tex]H_{2}O[/tex]) to the number of atoms, you will need to use Avogadro's number. First, you have to find the molar mass of the water. To do this, you look at the periodic table and find the mass of hydrogen and oxygen because those are the elements that make up water. The subscript of the element tells you how many atoms of that particular element you have. So water has 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The molar mass tells you how many grams of a substance makes up 1 mole of that substance and it will vary by substance (no two different substances will have the exact same molar mass).
Molar Mass of Water: (2 × 1.008 g) + (1 × 15.999 g)= 18.015 grams
After we find the molar mass of the substance, we can use Avogadro's number to convert from grams to moles and then from moles to the number of atoms.
[tex]\frac{81 grams H_{2}O }{1} * \frac{1 mole H_{2}O }{18.015 grams H_{2}O } * \frac{6.022*10^{23} atoms}{1 mole H_{2}O } = 2.708*10^{24}[/tex] atoms of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]
To convert grams to kilograms you need to know the conversion factor between them which is 1000 grams equals 1 kilogram. For example, if you are given 7,389 grams and you want to convert that to kilograms you do:
[tex]\frac{7389 grams}{1}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{1 kilogram}{1000 grams}[/tex] = 7.389 kilograms
I hope this helped clear things up a bit!
Explain, in terms of particles, concentration, and reaction rate, what you expect to happen when liquid water is sealed in a flask on a warm day and reaches a state of equilibrium. H2O (l) H2O (g).
Answer:
Kinetic Energy is involved here
Explanation:
On a warm day, the temperature of H20(l) will be high and that will make the particles of water to possess more kinetic energy and particles tend to move faster. Due to the fast movement of the particles, some of the particles turns into gaseous form (vapour). This makes the volume (concentration) of the liquid water decrease while that of the vapour keeps increasing due to the temperature of the day, until the equilibrium point is reached. At the equilibrium point, the forward and the backward rates are equal and the concentration of liquid water and vapour is the same.
Gold is alloyed with other metals to increase its hardness in making jewelry.
Consider a piece of gold jewelry that weighs 9.30 g and has a volume of 0.675 cm³. The jewelry contains only gold and silver, which have densities of 19.3 g/cm³ and 10.5 g/cm³, respectively. If the total volume of the jewelry is the sum of the volumes of the gold and silver that it contains, calculate the percentage of gold (by mass) in the jewelry.
Answer:
The percentage of gold is 52.5 %
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Piece of gold jewelry that weighs 9.30 g and has a volume of 0.675 cm³
Density of gold = 19.3 g/cm³
Density of silver = 10.5 g/cm³
Step 2: Calculate the volume of gold
Density = mass/ volume
Mass = density (gold) * volume (gold) + density silver * volume silver
9.30 g= 19.3 * V(gold) + 10.5* (0.675 - V(gold))
9.30g = 19.3V(gold) + 7.0875 - 10.5V(gold)
2.2125 = 8.8(Vgold)
V(gold) = 0.2514 cm³
Step 3: Calculate the mass of gold
Mass gold = density * volume
Mass gold = 19.3 g/cm³ * 0.2514 cm³
Mass gold = 4.85 grams
Step 4: Calculate the percentage of gold
% gold = (mass gold / total mass) * 100%
% gold = (4.85 grams / 9.30 grams )*100%
% gold = 52.2 %
The percentage of gold is 52.5 %
The rate of the reaction in terms of the "disappearance of reactant" includes the change in the concentration of the reactant, the time interval, and the coefficient of the reactant.
Consider the following reaction:
2A+3B→3C+2D
The concentrations of reactant A at three different time intervals are given. Use the following data to determine the average rate of reaction in terms of the disappearance of reactant A between time = 0 s and time = 20 s .
Time (s ) 0 20 40
[A](M) 0.0400 0.0240 0.0180
Express your answer in molar concentration per second to three significant figures.
Part B
The rate of the reaction in terms of the "appearance of product" includes the change in the concentration of the product, the time interval, and the coefficient of the product.
Consider the following reaction:
2A+3B→3C+2D
The concentrations of product C at three different time intervals are given. Use the following data to determine the rate of reaction in terms of the appearance of product C between time = 0 s and time = 20 s .
Time (s ) 0 20 40
[C](M) 0.000 0.0240 0.0480
Express your answer in molar concentration per second to three significant figures.
The average rate of reaction based on the disappearance of A from 0 to 20 seconds is 0.00080 M/s, while the rate of appearance of C is 0.00180 M/s when accounting for stoichiometry.
Explanation:The average rate of reaction in terms of the disappearance of reactant A between time = 0 s and time = 20 s can be calculated using the given concentrations. The rate of reaction is calculated with the change in concentration of A over time, which is the final concentration minus the initial concentration, divided by the time interval.
The initial concentration of A at time = 0 s is 0.0400 M, and the final concentration of A at time = 20 s is 0.0240 M. The change in concentration (Δ[A]) is 0.0400 M - 0.0240 M = 0.0160 M. The time interval (Δt) is 20 s - 0 s = 20 s. Therefore, the average rate of disappearance of A is 0.0160 M / 20 s = 0.00080 M/s.
For part B, the rate of reaction in terms of the appearance of product C between time = 0 s and time = 20 s can be calculated similarly. The initial concentration of C is 0.000 M and the final concentration is 0.0240 M. The change in concentration of C (Δ[C]) is 0.0240 M - 0.000 M = 0.0240 M over 20 s. However, the stoichiometry of the reaction must be considered, for every 2 moles of A disappearing, 3 moles of C appear. The rate of appearance of C is then (0.0240 M / 20 s) * (3/2) = 0.00180 M/s.
Cooking oil lipids consist of long, unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. Would you expect these molecules to form membranes spontaneously?
Final answer:
Cooking oil lipids with long, unsaturated hydrocarbon chains are likely to spontaneously form membranes due to their amphiphilic nature, with the unsaturation providing fluidity.
Explanation:
Cooking oil lipids, which consist of long, unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, are likely to form membranes spontaneously due to their amphiphilic nature. These molecules have areas that are hydrophobic (repel water) and areas that are hydrophilic (attract water), causing them to self-assemble into structures such as micelles and bilayers when placed in an aqueous environment. Unsaturated hydrocarbon chains have kinks due to double bonds, which prevent them from packing tightly together, resulting in membranes with lower melting points that are more fluid. The formation of biological membranes is a critical aspect of cellular organization, and the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules like lipids into membranes was likely a key step in the early evolution of life.
How many milliliters of calcium, with a density of 1.55 g/mL, are needed to produce 85.8 grams of calcium fluoride in the single replacement reaction below.
Answer:
We need 28.5 mL of Calcium solution
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Density = 1.55 g/mL
Mass of calcium fluoride (CaF2) = 85.8 grams
Molar mass of CaF2 = 78.07 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
Ca + 2HF → CaF2 + H2
Step 3: Calculate moles CaF2
Moles CaF2 = mass CaF2 / molar mass CaF2
Moles CaF2 = 85.8 grams / 78.07 g/mol
Moles = 1.10 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles of Ca
For 1 mol mol CaF2 we need 1 mol Ca^2+
For 1.10 moles CaF2, we need 1.10 moles Ca^2+
Step 5: Calculate mass of Ca^2+
Mass Ca^2+ = moles Ca^2+ / molar mass Ca^2+
Mass Ca^2+ = 1.10 moles * 40.08 g/mol
Mass Ca^2+ = 44.1 grams
Step 6: Calculate volume of Ca^2+
Volume Calcium = mass calcium / density
Volume calcium = 44.1 grams / 1.55 g/mL
Volume calcium = 28.45 mL ≈ 28.5 mL
We need 28.5 mL of Calcium solution
A balloon is filled to a volume of 1.50 L with 3.00 mol of gas at 25 C. with pressure and temperature held constant, what will be the volume of 1.40 moles of gas are added?
Answer:
3.2L
Explanation:
PV=nRT
since pressure and temperature are held constant we have V=nR
R is a constant also,
Thus; [tex]\frac{v1}{n1}=\frac{v2}{n2}[/tex]
v1=1.5L , n1=3mol, n2=1.4mol
[tex]\frac{1.5}{3}=\frac{v2}{1.4}[/tex]
v2=[tex]\frac{1.5}{3}*1.4[/tex]
v2=3.2L
A student observes what happens when two different aqueous solutions are mixed in a test tube. Which of the following observations would be most indicative of a precipitation reaction?
a. Gas bubbles are produced.
b. A solid settles out.
c. There is a color change.
d. The test tube warms.
A precipitation reaction is indicated by the formation of a solid that settles out when two aqueous solutions are mixed. The correct answer is Option b.
Explanation:When two different aqueous solutions are mixed in a test tube, a precipitation reaction can be indicated by the formation of a solid that settles out. This occurs when two soluble compounds react to form an insoluble compound, which appears as a solid precipitate. Examples of precipitation reactions include mixing solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride to form a solid precipitate of silver chloride.
Learn more about Precipitation reactions here:
https://brainly.com/question/17074350
#SPJ3
Final answer:
The observation that most directly indicates a precipitation reaction when two aqueous solutions are mixed is b. A solid settles out, as this signifies the formation of a precipitate, which is a solid product of the reaction.
Explanation:
The question asks which observation is most indicative of a precipitation reaction when mixing two different aqueous solutions. Among the options given, the correct answer is b. A solid settles out. This is because a precipitation reaction involves the formation of a solid product, known as a precipitate, that separates from the clear solution. This precipitate can then typically be observed as sediment at the bottom of the test tube, or as a solid pellet if centrifugation is used. Options a, c, and d refer to other potential indicators of chemical reactions, such as gas formation, color change, and exothermic reactions, respectively, and while they may occur alongside precipitation, they are not as directly indicative of it.
The body’s pH is tightly regulated because specific enzymes function best within a narrow pH range. What is the approximate pH of a 1.2 × 10–5 M aqueous solution of NaOH?
Answer:
The answer to your question is pH = 9.08
Explanation:
Data
pH = ?
Concentration = 1.2 x 10⁻⁵ M
Process
1.- Calculate the pOH of the solution
Formula
pOH = -log[OH⁻]
pOH = -log[1.2 x 10⁻⁵]
pOH = 4.92
2.- Calculate the pH
Formula
pH = 14 - pOH
Substitution
pH = 14 - 4.92
Result
pH = 9.08
If you run the reaction to make water: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, starting with 3.0 moles of hydrogen gas and 2.0 moles of oxygen gas, what is the theoretical yield of your reaction (in grams)?
Answer:
54 g is the theoretical yield
Explanation:
This is the reaction:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
So 2 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mol of oxygen, to produce 2 mol of water.
If I have 3 moles of H₂ and 2 moles of O₂, the my limiting reactant is the hydrogen.
1 mol of O₂ react with 2 moles of H₂
S 2 mol of O₂ would react with 4 moles (I only have 3 moles)
Then, ratio is 2:2 the same as 1:1
As 2 mol of H₂ produce 2 moles of water, 3 moles of H₂ will produce 3 moles of H₂O.
This is the theoretical yield in moles. Let's convert them to mass (mol . molar mass)
3 mol . 18g/m = 54 g
Answer:
The theoretical yield of the reaction is 54.06 grams
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Moles of hydrogen gas = 3.0 moles
Moles of oxygen gas = 2.0 mol
Molar mass of H2O = 18.02 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Step 3: Calculate the limiting reactant
For 2 moles H2 consumed, we need 1 mol O2 to produce 2 moles of H2O
Hydrogen gas is the limiting reactant. It will be completely consumed. (3.0 moles).
Oxygen gas is in excess. There will react 3.0/2 = 1.5 moles of O2.
There will remain 2.0 -1.5 = 0.5 moles
Step 4: Calculate the moles of H2O
For 2 moles of H2 we'll have 2 moles of H2O
For 3 moles H2 we'll have 3.0 moles of H2O
Step 5: Calculate theoretical yield of H2O
Mass H2O = moles H2O * molar mass H2O
Mass H2O = 3.0 moles * 18.02 g/mol
Mass H2O = 54.06 grams
The theoretical yield of the reaction is 54.06 grams
Calcium ions are removed from the sarcoplasm of the cardiac cell by the action of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase pump and which other mechanism?
Answer:
Sodium-calcium exchanger on the sarcolemma
Explanation:
The sodium-calcium exchanger which is an antiporter membrane protein, removes calcium from cells. The energy of the electrochemical gradient of sodium is used by allowing it to flow down its gradient while moving across the plasma membrane
A group of students were asked to identify three white powders. The students use the physical and chemical properties to identify the powders. They computed The density of each powder. They check to see if any dissolved in water. One of the powders did not dissolve in water and they thought it was corn starch. They knew that cornstarch felt slippery and reacted with iodine. The students put a few drops of iodine on each white powder. One powder turned black it was definitely cornstarch. Another powder, baking soda reacted with vinegar. It first and the test tube got hot. Which of these is an observed chemical property? A. Color of powders B. Density of powders C. Powder dissolved in water D. Powder reacts with vinegar? Please please please help me
Answer:D. Powder react with vinegar
Explanation: All the other choice is physical change. Choice A is a change of color but it doesn’t change the properties. Choice B is an example of physical change which is simply for measurements therefore doesn’t affect the properties. Choice C is also physical change because solubility and dissolve are type of physical change leaving us with the last choice which is choice D. Since the powder reacts with the vinegar it changes the property of the powder.
The reaction between the white powder and vinegar is a chemical property where the chemical bonds are involved in the change to produce new products.
What is chemical property?There are broadly two types of properties called physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties involves the color, size, shape , phase, and phase transitions etc. Boiling point, melting point, solubility etc are physical properties.
Chemical properties include the changes in chemical bond between atoms such as breaking or formation or both for chemical bonds. The reaction between two compounds leads to breaking and making of chemical bonds and form new products.
Density, solubility, color etc are physical properties of the substance whereas its reactivity towards vinegar is a chemical property. Hence, option D is correct.
To find more on chemical properties, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/1935242
#SPJ5
A pharmacy intern is asked to prepare 3 L of a 30% w/v solution. T he pharmacy stocks the active ingredient in 8-ounce bottles of 70% w/v strength. How many bottles will be needed as the source of the active ingredient?
Answer: The number of bottles that will be needed are 6
Explanation:
We are given:
Amount of solution, the intern is asked to prepare = 3 L = 3000 mL (Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL)
Strength of solution needed = 30 % (w/v)
This means that in 100 mL of solution, the solute present is 30 grams
So, in 3000 mL of solution, the solute present will be = [tex]\frac{30}{100}\times 3000=900g[/tex]
Active ingredient present in 1 bottle = 8 ounce of 70 % (w/v)
Conversion factor used: 1 ounce = 29.57 mL
So, [tex]8ounce\times \frac{29.57mL}{1ounce}=236.6mL[/tex]
Amount of active ingredient present in 1 bottle = [tex]236.6\times \frac{70}{100}=165.6g[/tex]
To calculate the number of bottles, we need to divide the total amount of solution needed by the amount of active ingredient present in 1 bottle, we get:
[tex]\text{Number of bottles}=\frac{\text{Amount of solution to prepare}}{\text{Amount of active ingredient in 1 bottle}}[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Number of bottles}=\frac{900g}{165.6g}\\\\\text{Number of bottles}=5.43\approx 6[/tex]
Hence, the number of bottles that will be needed are 6
The number of bottles of active ingredients that would be needed will be approximately 6.
1 ounce = 0.0296 liters
8 ounce = 0.0296 x 8
=0.2368 Liters
This means that each stock bottle is 0.2368 liters.
From dilution equation:
Molarity x volume before dilution = molarity x volume after dilution
Before dilution: molarity = 70% w/v, volume = ?
After dilution: molarity = 30% w/v, volume = 3 L
volume before dilution = 30 x 3/70
= 1.286 L
Thus, 1.286 liters of the stock would be needed. Each bottle of the stock is 0.2368 liters. Therefore:
1.286/0.2368
= 5.43
Thus, the number of bottles that would be needed is approximately 6.
More on dilution can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/13844449
Which of the following compounds most likely has the least bond energy?
a. Cl2; Cl–Cl bond length = 199 pm c. HF; H–F bond length = 92 pm
b. HCl; H–Cl bond length = 127 pm d. I2; I–I bond length = 266 pm
Answer:
I2; I–I bond length = 266 pm
Explanation:
Bond length is inversely related to bond strength. The longer the bond length, the weaker the bond. The shorter the bond length the stronger the bond. A large bond distance implies that there is poor interaction between the atoms involved in the bond. A long bond distance or bond length may even indicate the absence of covalent interaction between the atoms involved.
A package of aluminum foil is 68.6 yd long, 12 in. wide, and 0.00035 in. thick. If aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/cm3, what is the mass, in grams, of the foil?
Answer:
The answer to your question is mass = 455.6 grams
Explanation:
Data
Dimensions = 68.6 yd x 12 in x 0.00035 in
density = 2.70 g/cm³
mass = ?
Process
1.- Convert dimensions to cm
1 yd ---------------- 91.44 cm
68.6 yd ------------ x
x = (68.6 x 91.44) / 1
x = 6227 cm
1 in ----------------- 2.54 cm
12 in --------------- x
x = (12 x 2.54) / 1
x = 30.48 cm
1 in -------------- 2.54
0.00035 in ------------- x
x = (0.00035 x 2.54) / 1
x = 0.000889 cm
2.- Find the volume of the foil
V = 6227 x 30.48 x 0.000889
V = 168.73 cm³
3.- Find the mass of the foil
mass = density x volume
mass = 2.70 x 168.73
mass = 455.6 g
Final answer:
To calculate the mass of the aluminum foil, first convert all dimensions to centimeters, then calculate the volume (length × width × height), and finally multiply the volume by the density of aluminum (2.70 g/cm³). Therefore, the mass of the aluminum foil is approximately 457.94 grams
Explanation:
To find the mass of the aluminum foil given its dimensions and the density of aluminum, we need to follow these steps:
Convert all measurements to the same unit system, specifically to centimeters (cm) because the density is given in g/cm3.
Calculate the volume of the aluminum foil using the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism: Volume = length × width × height.
Multiply the volume by the density of aluminum to get the mass of the foil.
Step-by-Step Calculation
First, convert dimensions: 68.6 yd = 6265.44 cm (1 yd = 91.44 cm), 12 in = 30.48 cm (1 in = 2.54 cm), and 0.00035 in = 0.000889 cm.
Calculate the volume: Volume = 6265.44 cm × 30.48 cm × 0.000889 cm = 169.609 cm3.
Calculate the mass: Mass = volume × density = 169.609 cm3 × 2.70 g/cm3 = 457.94 grams.
The mass of the aluminum foil is approximately 457.94 grams.
What is the percent composition of copper in copper (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2 )? Question 7 options: a) 65.13 % Cu b) 32.80 % Cu c) 97.57 % Cu d) 2.07 % Cu
Answer:
The answer to your question is letter a. 65.13%
Explanation:
Percent composition of Copper in Cu(OH)₂
Process
1.- Calculate the molecular weight of Copper hydroxide
Cu(OH)₂ = 64 + (16 x 2) + (2 x 1)
= 64 + 32 + 2
= 98 g
2.- Solve the problem using proportions
98 g of Cu(OH)₂ --------------- 100 %
64 g of Cu ---------------- x
x = (64 x 100) / 98
x = 6400 / 98
x = 65.2 %
Final answer:
The percent composition of copper in copper (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) is calculated using the molar masses of its elements. The molar mass of Cu(OH)2 is 97.57 g/mol, and the molar mass of copper (Cu) is 63.546 g/mol. The correct answer is 65.13% Cu.
Explanation:
To calculate the percent composition of copper in copper (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2), we need to calculate the molar mass of this compound first. The molar mass of Cu(OH)2 is 97.57 g/mol. Using the average atomic mass of copper (63.546 g/mol), we can determine the mass percentage of copper in the compound.
The molar mass of Cu(OH)2 is the sum of the molar masses of one copper atom (63.546 g/mol), two oxygen atoms (2 × 16.00 g/mol), and two hydrogen atoms (2 × 1.01 g/mol):
Molar mass of Cu(OH)2 = 63.546 g/mol (Cu) + 32.00 g/mol (O) + 2.02 g/mol (H) = 97.57 g/mol
Therefore, the percent composition of copper in Cu(OH)2 can be calculated as follows:
% Cu = (molar mass of Cu / molar mass of Cu(OH)2) × 100
% Cu = (63.546 g/mol / 97.57 g/mol) × 100 ≈ 65.13%
Hence, the correct answer is 65.13 % Cu.
Which of the following statements correctly identifies and describes the type of covalent bond found between oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules
Answer:
The question here is incomplete but the completed question is below and the correct answer is C
Which of the following statements correctly identifies and describes the type of covalent bond found between oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules?(a) polar covalent bonds because hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen
(b) hydrogen bonds because hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen
(c) polar covalent bonds because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen
(d) hydrogen bonds because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen
Explanation:
Covalent bond is a bond that involves the sharing of electrons (shared pair) between two atoms. There are two types of covalent bond, polar and nonpolar covalent bond.
Polar covalent bond is the type of covalent bond in which pairs of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms. For example; H2O and HClNonpolar covalent bond is the type of covalent bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons with one another. For example; O2 and CH4We can establish from the above that the type of bond that exists within a water molecule is polar covalent bond. In the electrochemical series, oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. Hence, the correct option is C
The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules is a polar covalent bond. This is due to the higher electronegativity of oxygen, which pulls the shared electrons closer and creates a slight charge imbalance.
Explanation:The type of covalent bond found between oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules is a polar covalent bond. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. In a nonpolar covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally between the atoms. However, in a polar covalent bond, one atom has a stronger pull on the shared electrons, creating a slight charge imbalance. In water molecules, oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen, which means it pulls the shared electrons closer to itself, resulting in a polar covalent bond.
Learn more about Polar Covalent Bond here:https://brainly.com/question/1482809
#SPJ3
Consider the KF molecule, which has an ionic bond. The bond length is 2.17 x 1010 m (a) Calculate the energy required to dissociate the KF molecule into the ions K* and F |(b) The energy required to dissociate KF into neutral atoms is 498 kJ/mol. Given that the first ionization energy for K is 418 kJ/mol, calculate the electron affinity (in kJ/mol) for F. Show your work for all calculations 2. (a) +6.40 x 10 kJ mol1 or +1.06 x 1018 J (b) +276 kJ mol
Answer:
a) +640 kJ/mol or +1.06x10⁻¹⁸ J
b) +276 kJ/mol
Explanation:
To dissociate the molecule, the bond must be broken, thus, it's necessary energy equal to the energy of the bond, which can be calculated by:
E = (Q1*Q2)/(4*π*ε*r)
Where Q is the charge of the ions, ε is a constant (8.854x10⁻¹²C²J ⁻¹ m⁻¹), and r is the bond length. Each one of the ions has a charge equal to 1. The elementary charge is 1.602x10⁻¹⁹C, which will be the charge of them.
1 mol has 6.022x10²³ molecules (Avogadros' number), so the energy of 1 mol is the energy of 1 molecule multiplied by it:
E = 6.022x10²³ *(1.602x10⁻¹⁹)²/(4π*8.854x10⁻¹²*2.17x10⁻¹⁰)
E = +640113 J/mol
E = +640 kJ/mol
Or at 1 molecule: E =640/6.022x10²³ = +1.06x10⁻²¹ kJ = +1.06x10⁻¹⁸ J
b) The energy variation to dissociate the molecule at its neutral atoms is the energy of dissociation less the difference of the ionization energy of K and the electron affinity of F (EA):
498 = 640 - (418 - EA)
640 -418 + EA = 498
222 + EA = 498
EA = +276 kJ/mol
The energy required to dissociate the KF molecule into K+ and F- ions is -1.76 x [tex]10^5 kJ/mol.[/tex]n affinity of F is -80 kJ/mol.
Explanation:To calculate the energy required to dissociate the KF molecule into the ions K+ and F-, we need to consider the bond length and the charges of the ions. The equation to calculate the energy is given by:
E = k * (q1 * q2) / r
where E is the energy, k is the Coulomb constant[tex](9 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2),[/tex]rges of the ions (+1 for K and -1 for F), and r is the bond length.
Using the given bond length, we have:
E = [tex](9 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2)[/tex](2.17 x[tex]10^-10 m)[/tex]
E = -[tex]1.06 x 10^18 J[/tex]
To convert this to kJ/mol, we divide by Avogadro's number:
E = -[tex]1.06 x 10^18 J / 6.022 x 10^23 mol-1[/tex]
E ≈ -[tex]1.76 x 10^5 kJ/mol[/tex]
To calculate the electron affinity (EA) for F, we can use the equation:
EA = Ionization Energy(K) - Dissociation Energy(KF) = 418 kJ/mol - 498 kJ/mol = -80 kJ/mol