Answer:
The molecular formula is C3H6
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Suppose the compound has a mass of 100 grams
The compound contains:
85.63 % C = 85.63 grams C
14.37 % H = 14.37 grams H
Molar mass C = 12.01 g/mol
Molar mass H = 1.01 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate moles
Moles = grams / molar mass
Moles C = 85.63 grams / 12.01 g/mol
Moles C = 7.130 moles
Moles H = 14.37 grams / 1.01 g/mol
Moles H = 14.2 moles
Step 3: Calculate the mol ratio
We divide by the smallest amount of moles
C: 7.130 moles / 7.130 moles = 1
H = 14.2 moles / 7.130 moles = 2
The empirical formula is CH2
The molar mass of CH2 = 14 g/mol
Step 4: Calculate molecular formula
We have to multiply the empirical formula by n
n = 42 / 14 = 3
n*(CH2) = C3H6
The molecular formula is C3H6
The empirical formula of the compound is [tex]CH_2[/tex], and the molecular formula is [tex]C_2H_4[/tex].
To determine the empirical formula, we start by assuming a 100 g sample of the compound. Given the percent composition, we have 85.63 g of carbon and 14.37 g of hydrogen. We then convert these masses to moles by dividing by the molar mass of each element:
For carbon (C), the molar mass is approximately 12.01 g/mol:
Moles of C = 85.63 g / 12.01 g/mol 7.13 moles of C
For hydrogen (H), the molar mass is approximately 1.008 g/mol:
Moles of H = 14.37 g / 1.008 g/mol 14.26 moles of H
Next, we find the simplest whole-number ratio of moles of C to moles of H by dividing both by the smallest number of moles:
Dividing by the smaller number of moles (7.13 moles of C):
Ratio of C to H 7.13/7.13 : 14.26/7.13 1 : 2
Thus, the empirical formula is [tex]CH_2[/tex].
To find the molecular formula, we need the molar mass of the empirical formula and compare it to the given molar mass of the compound. The molar mass of the empirical formula [tex]CH_2[/tex] is:
Molar mass of [tex]CH_2[/tex] = (12.01 g/mol for C) + (2 × 1.008 g/mol for H) 14.026 g/mol
Now, we calculate the molecular formula by finding the ratio of the molar mass of the compound to the molar mass of the empirical formula:
Ratio = Molar mass of compound / Molar mass of empirical formula
Ratio = 42.0 g/mol / 14.026 g/mol 3
This ratio tells us that the molecular formula is three times the empirical formula, so:
Molecular formula = [tex](CH_2)_3[/tex] = [tex]C_3H_6[/tex]
However, we must check if there is a smaller whole number ratio that would give us the correct molar mass. In this case, the empirical formula [tex]CH_2[/tex] already gives us the simplest ratio, and the molecular formula must be an integer multiple of the empirical formula. The correct molecular formula that is an integer multiple and has the correct molar mass is [tex]C_2H_4[/tex] (which is also an alkene, consistent with the given percent composition and molar mass).
Chlorine gas can be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of hydrochloric acid with manganese(IV) oxide:
4HCL(aq) + MnO2(s) ----> MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
You add 42.5 g of MnO2 to a solution containing 47.7 g of HCl.
(a) What is the limiting reactant? MnO2 or HCL?
(b) What is the theortical yield of CO2?
(c) If the yield of the reaction is 79.9%, what is the actual yield of chlorine?
Answer:
a) HCl
b) 22.9g
c) 18.11g
Explanation:
MMn = 54.94g/mol
MO2 = 2(16) = 32g/mol
MH = 1g/mol
MCl = 35.45g/mol
Molar Mass of MnO2:
54.94 + 2(16)= 86.94
Molar Mass of HCl:
1+35.45=36.45
Mols of MnO2:
42.7 /86.94 = 0.49
Mols of HCl:
47.1 /36.45 = 1.29
Molar Mass of Cl2:
35.45 ×2 = 70.9
Mols of Cl2
1.29/4=0.323
Mass of Cl2 (Theoretical yield)
0.323 ×70.9= 22.9
To calculate the actual yield, we multiply the theoretical yield by the final percentage:
22.9 ×0.791=18.11
A compound is 92.2% Carbon and 7.76% Hydrogen. The formula mass of the compound is 78.1 g. Calculate the empirical formula and molecular formula of the compound.
Answer:
The answer to your question is empirical formula = CH
molecular formula = C₆H₆
Explanation:
Data
Carbon 92.2%
Hydrogen 7.76%
Formula mass = 78.1 g
Process
1.- Express the percents as grams
Carbon 92.2 g
Hydrogen 7.76 g
2.- Convert the grams to moles
Carbon 12 g ---------------- 1 mol
92.2 g ------------- x
x = (92.2 x 1)/12
x = 7.68 moles
Hydrogen 1 g ------------------ 1 mol
7.76 g ------------- x
x = 7.76 moles
3.- Divide by the lowest number of moles
Carbon 7.68 / 7.68 = 1
Hydrogen 7.76 / 7.68 = 1.01
4.- Write the empirical formula
CH
5.- Calculate the molecular weight of the empirical formula
CH = 12 + 1 = 13
6.- Divide the molecular weight by the molecular weight of the empirical formula
78.1 / 13 = 6
7.- Write the molecular formula
6(CH) = C₆H₆
The empirical formula of the compound is CH. The molecular formula of the compound is [tex]\rm \bold C_6H_6[/tex]
A molecular formula has been the one that represents the exact number of atoms in a compound. The empirical formula has been able to represent the whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound.
The given compound has 92.2% Carbon and 7.76% Hydrogen. The weight will be:
Carbon = 92.2 g
Hydrogen = 7.76 g
From the weight, the moles of elements in the compound can be calculated.
Moles = [tex]\rm \dfrac{weight}{molecular\;weight}[/tex]
Moles of carbon = [tex]\rm \dfrac{92.2}{12}[/tex]
Moles of carbon = 7.76 moles
Moles of hydrogen = weight of hydrogen
Moles of hydrogen = 7.76 moles
For the empirical formula, divide the moles of each element to the nearest mole number;
Carbon = [tex]\rm \dfrac{7.76}{7.76}[/tex]
Carbon = 1
Hydrogen = [tex]\rm \dfrac{7.76}{7.76}[/tex]
Hydrogen = 1
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound will be CH.
For finding the molecular formula, the molecular weight from the empirical formula has been divided with the molecular weight of the compound to find the number of atoms.
Molecular weight of empirical formula = weight of carbon + weight of hydrogen
Molecular weight of empirical formula = 12 + 1
Molecular weight of empirical formula = 13 grams
Molecular mass of compound = 78.1 grams.
Number of atoms of each element = [tex]\rm \dfrac{78.1}{13}[/tex]
Number of atoms of each element = 6
Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is [tex]\rm C_6H_6[/tex].
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A total of 2.00 molmol of a compound is allowed to react with water in a foam coffee cup and the reaction produces 137 gg of solution. The reaction caused the temperature of the solution to rise from 21.00 to 24.70 ∘C∘C. What is the enthalpy of this reaction? Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings or to the coffee cup itself and that the specific heat of the solution is the same as that of pure water.
Answer : The enthalpy of this reaction is, 1.06 kJ/mol
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the heat produced.
[tex]q=m\times c\times (T_2-T_1)[/tex]
where,
q = heat produced = ?
m = mass of solution = 137 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = [tex]4.18J/g^oC[/tex]
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature = [tex]21.00^oC[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature = [tex]24.70^oC[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
[tex]q=137g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times (24.70-21.00)^oC[/tex]
[tex]q=2118.842J=2.12kJ[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the enthalpy of this reaction.
[tex]\Delta H=\frac{q}{n}[/tex]
where,
[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy change = ?
q = heat released = 2.12 kJ
n = moles of compound = 2.00 mol
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
[tex]\Delta H=\frac{2.12kJ}{2.00mole}[/tex]
[tex]\Delta H=1.06kJ/mol[/tex]
Thus, the enthalpy of this reaction is, 1.06 kJ/mol
How many moles of sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00? Ignore the volume change due to the addition of sodium acetate.
Here is the full question
How many moles of sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00? Ignore the volume change due to the addition of sodium acetate. Ka of acetic acid is 1.7×10-5.
Answer:
0.3396 moles
Explanation:
pH = pKA + log[tex]\frac{[acetate]}{[aceticacid]}[/tex]
[acetic acid] = 0.1 M
pH = 5.0
[tex]K_a[/tex] = [tex]1.7*10^{-5[/tex]
5.0 = -log ([tex]1.7*10^{-5[/tex]) + log [tex]\frac{[acetate]}{0.1}[/tex]
5.0 = 4.77 + log [acetate] + 1
5.0 = 5.77 + log [acetate]
- log [acetate] = 5.77 - 5.0
- log [acetate] = 0.77
log [acetate] = -0.77
[acetate] = log⁻¹ (-0.77)
[acetate] = 0.1698
∴ for 2L = 2 × 0.1698
= 0.3396 moles
The sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00 - 0.3396 moles
Given:
The concentration of acetic acid = 0.10 M
pH = 5.0
[tex]K_a[/tex] = [tex]1.7\times10^{-5[/tex]
Solution:
According to Hasselbalch equation:
[tex]pH=pKa + log\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}\\\\or\\\\pH = pKa + log\frac{(acetate)}{(acetic acid)}[/tex]
5.0 = -log [tex](1.7\times10^{-5})[/tex] + log [tex]\frac{(acetate)}{(0.1)}[/tex]
5.0 = 4.77 + log [acetate] + 1
5.0 = 5.77 + log [acetate]
- log [acetate] = 5.77 - 5.0
- log [acetate] = 0.77
log [acetate] = -0.77
[acetate] = log⁻¹ (-0.77)
[acetate] = 0.1698
∴ for 2L = 2 × 0.1698
= 0.3396 moles
Thus, the sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00 - 0.3396 moles
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13. What is the total pressure inside the container
Answer: The total pressure inside the container is 77.9 kPa
Explanation:
Dalton's law of partial pressure states that the total pressure of the system is equal to the sum of partial pressure of each component present in it.
To calculate the total pressure inside the container, we use the law given by Dalton, which is:
[tex]P_T=p_{N_2}+p_{O_2}+p_{Ar}[/tex]
We are given:
Vapor pressure of oxygen gas, [tex]p_{O_2}[/tex] = 40.9 kPa
Vapor pressure of nitrogen gas, [tex]p_{N_2}[/tex] = 23.3 kPa
Vapor pressure of argon, [tex]p_{Ar}[/tex] = 13.7 kPa
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]p_T=23.3+40.9+13.7\\\\p_{T}=77.9kPa[/tex]
Hence, the total pressure inside the container is 77.9 kPa
Calculate the molecular mass or formula mass (in amu) of each of the following substances: (a) BrN3 amu (b) C2H6 amu (c) NF2 amu (d) Al2S3 amu (e) Fe(NO3)3 amu (f) Mg3N2 amu (g) (NH4)2CO3 amu
Answer:
Explanation:
The atomic unit of mass (a.m.u) is the unit used to compare the relative masses of atoms. An atomic mass unit is a twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
The calculation of the molecular mass of a compound is done by adding the relative atomic masses of the atoms of the formula of said substance, taking into account its abundance in the compound. The atomic mass of the atoms that make up the molecule are obtained in the Periodic Table.
So, in these cases you have:
BrN₃:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
Br: 79.9 amu
N: 14 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
BrN₃=79.9 amu + 3* 14 amu= 121.9 amu
C₂H₆:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
C: 12 amu
H: 1 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
C₂H₆= 2*12 amu + 6*1 amu= 30 amu
NF₂:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
N: 14 amu
F: 19 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
NF₂= 14 amu + 2*19 amu= 52 amu
Al₂S₃:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
Al: 27 amu
S: 32 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
Al₂S₃= 2*27 amu + 3*32 amu= 150 amu
Fe(NO₃)₃:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
Fe: 55.85 amu
N: 14 amu
O: 16 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
Fe(NO₃)₃= 55.85 amu + 3*(14 amu + 3*16 amu)= 241.85 amu
Mg₃N₂:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
N: 14 amu
Mg: 24 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
Mg₃N₂= 3*24 amu + 2*14 amu= 100 amu
(NH₄)₂CO₃:You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:
N: 14 amu
H: 1 amu
C: 12 amu
O: 16 amu
I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:
(NH₄)₂CO₃: 2*(14 amu + 4*1 amu) + 12 amu+3*16 amu= 96 amu
The molecular mass or formula mass of the listed substances have been calculated using atomic masses from the periodic table.
Explanation:The molecular mass or formula mass of a substance can be calculated by summing up the atomic masses of all atoms in the substance. Using the atomic masses from the periodic table, we have:
BrN3 = 1(Br) + 3(N) = 79.9 + 3(14.0) = 122.9 amu C2H6 = 2(C) + 6(H) = 2(12.0) + 6(1.0) = 30.0 amu NF2 = 1(N) + 2(F) = 14.0 + 2(19.0) = 52.0 amu Al2S3 = 2(Al) + 3(S) = 2(26.98) + 3(32.06) = 150.16 amu Fe(NO3)3 = 1(Fe) + 3(1(N) + 3(O)) = 55.85 + 3(1(14.0) + 3(16.0)) = 241.85 amu Mg3N2 = 3(Mg) + 2(N) = 3(24.3) + 2(14.0) = 100.9 amu (NH4)2CO3 = 2(1(N) + 4(H)) + 1(C) + 3(O) = 2(1(14.0) + 4(1.0)) + 12.0 + 3(16.0) = 96.0 amu Learn more about Molecular Mass Calculation here:https://brainly.com/question/33791791
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Determine the volume of SO2 (at STP) formed from the reaction of 96.7 g of FeS2 and 55.0 L of O2 (at 398 K and 1.20 atm). The molar mass of FeS2 is 119.99 g/mol. 4 FeS2(s) + 11 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s) + 8 SO2(g)
Answer: 32.9 Liters
Explanation:
To calculate the moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}[/tex]
1. moles of [tex]FeS_2=\frac{96.7g}{119.99g/mol}=0.806mol[/tex]
2. moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
P = pressure of the gas = 1.20 atm
R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
T = temperature of the gas = [tex]398K[/tex]
[tex]1.20\times 55.0=n\times 0.0821\times 398[/tex]
[tex]n=2.02[/tex]
[tex]4FeS_2(s)+11O_2(g)\rightarrow 2Fe_2O_3(s)+8SO_2(g)[/tex]
According to stoichiometry:
11 moles of oxygen reacts with 4 moles of [tex]FeS_2[/tex]
Thus 2.02 moles of oxygen reacts with =[tex]\frac{4}{11}\times 2.02=0.73[/tex] moles of [tex]FeS_2[/tex]
Thus oxygen acts as limiting reagent and [tex]FeS_2[/tex] is excess reagent.
As 11 moles of oxygen gives = 8 moles of [tex]SO_2[/tex]
2.02 moles of oxygen gives =[tex]\frac{8}{11}\times 2.02=1.47[/tex] moles of [tex]SO_2[/tex]
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
P = pressure of the gas = 1 atm (at STP)
R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
T = temperature of the gas = [tex]273K[/tex] (at STP)
[tex]1\times V=1.47\times 0.0821\times 273[/tex]
[tex]V=32.9L[/tex]
Thus volume of [tex]SO_2[/tex] (at STP) formed from the reaction is 32.9 L
The volume of SO₂ formed from the reaction at STP is 32.92 L
From the question,
We are to determine the volume of SO₂ formed from the reaction
The given balanced chemical equation for the reaction is
4FeS₂(s) + 11O₂(g) → 2Fe₂O₃(s) + 8SO₂(g)
This means,
4 moles of FeS₂ reacts with 11 moles of oxygen to produce 2 moles of Fe₂O₃ and 8 moles of SO₂
First, we will determine the number of moles of each reactant present
For FeS₂Mass = 96.7 g
From the formula
[tex]Number\ of\ moles =\frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
Molar mass of FeS₂ = 119.99 g/mol
∴ Number of moles of FeS₂ present =[tex]\frac{96.7}{119.99}[/tex]
Number of moles of FeS₂ present = 0.8059 mole
For O₂
Using the formula
PV = nRT
[tex]n =\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
Putting the given parameters into the formula, we get
[tex]n = \frac{1.2 \times 55.0}{0.08206 \times 398}[/tex]
[tex]n = \frac{66}{32.65988}[/tex]
n = 2.0208 moles
Since,
4 moles of FeS₂ reacts with 11 moles of oxygen to produce 8 moles of SO₂
Then,
[tex]\frac{2.0208 \times 4}{11}[/tex] moles of FeS₂ will react with 2.0208 moles of oxygen to produce [tex]\frac{2.0208 \times 4}{11} \times 2[/tex] moles of SO₂
That is,
0.7348 moles of FeS₂ will react with 2.0208 moles of oxygen to produce 1.4697 moles of SO₂
∴ Number of moles of SO₂ formed is 1.4697 moles
Now for the volume of SO₂ formed at STP
Since
1 mole of a gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP
Then
1.4697 moles of the SO₂ will have a volume of 1.4697 × 22.4 L
1.4697 × 22.4 L = 32.92L
Hence, the volume of SO₂ formed from the reaction at STP is 32.92 L
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A 100.0g sample of tin is heated to 100.0 oC (Celsius) and is placed in a coffee cup calorimeter containing 150. g of water at 25.0 oC. After the metal cools, the final temperature of the metal and the water is 27.4 oC. Calculate the specific heat capacity of tin from these experimental data, assuming that no heat escapes to the surroundings or is transferred to the calorimeter. Specific heat of water
Explanation:
It is known that specific heat of water is 4.184 [tex]J/g^{o}C[/tex] and atomic mass of tin is 118.7 g/mol. For the given situation,
[tex]Q_{lost} = Q_{gained}[/tex]
Let us assume that,
[tex]m_{1}[/tex] = mass of Sn
[tex]m_{2}[/tex] = mass of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]
Therefore, heat energy expression for heat lost and gained is as follows.
[tex]Q_{lost} = Q_{gained}[/tex]
[tex]m_{1}C_{1}(T_{2} - T_{1}) = m_{2}C_{2}(T_{1} - T_{2})[/tex]
[tex]100 g \times C_{1} \times (100^{o}C - 27.4^{o}C) = 150 g \times 4.184 /g^{o}C \times (27.4^{o}C - 25^{o}C)[/tex]
[tex]7260C_{1} = 150 \times 4.184 \times 2.4[/tex]
[tex]C_{1} = \frac{1506.24}{7260}[/tex]
= 0.207 [tex]J/g^{o}C[/tex]
For, 118.7 g the specific heat of tin will be calculated as follows.
[tex]C_{1} = 0.207 J/g^{o}C \times 118.7 g[/tex]
= 24.5 [tex]J/mol^{o}C[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that specific heat of tin is 24.5 [tex]J/mol^{o}C[/tex].
To calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal, we can use the equation q = m * c * ΔT, where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. By using the known temperatures and masses of the metal and water, we can solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal.
Explanation:To calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal, we can use the equation q = m * c * ΔT, where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, we know the initial and final temperatures of the metal and water, as well as the masses of the metal and water. We can rearrange the equation to solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal, c.
We can start by calculating the heat transferred from the metal to the water. The heat transferred to the water can be calculated using the equation q_water = m_water * c_water * ΔT_water, where m_water is the mass of the water, c_water is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT_water is the change in temperature of the water.
Next, we can calculate the heat transferred from the metal to the water using the equation q_metal = m_metal * c_metal * ΔT_metal, where m_metal is the mass of the metal, c_metal is the specific heat capacity of the metal, and ΔT_metal is the change in temperature of the metal.
Since the metal and water reach the same final temperature, we can set q_water equal to q_metal and solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal, c_metal.
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What is the most important reason to consider ethics when conducting
experiments?
O
A. The scientific results would not be believable if they were obtained
unethically.
O
B. It is important that people are not harmed for the sake of science.
O
C. A general sense of ethics ensures that everyone is aware of what's
right and what's wrong.
O
D. Scientists would not be able to get funding if their experiments
were not ethical.
Answer:
B. It is important that people are not harmed for the sake of science.
Explanation:
Ethical principles stress the need to do good and cause no harm.A researcher is therefore required to;
obtain an informed consent from the participantsminimize or eliminate risk of harm to participantsprotect the anonymity and confidentiality of participantsApply no deceptive techniquesallow the right to withdraw from the study by a participantAnswer:
It is important that people are not harmed for the sake of science.
Explanation:
At what temperature in K will 4.00 moles of gas occupy a volume of 12.0 L at a pressure of 5.60 atm?
Answer:
The answer to your question is T = 204.9°K
Explanation:
Data
Temperature = T = ?
number of moles = n = 4
Volume = V = 12 L
Pressure = P = 5.60 atm
constant of gases = 0.082 atm L /mol °K
Process
To solve this problem, use the Ideal Gas Law and solve it for T
Formula
PV = nRT
T = PV / nR
-Substitution
T = (5.60)(12)/(4)((0.082)
-Simplification
T = 67.2 / 0.328
-Result
T = 204.9°K
Considering the ideal gas law, at 204.878 K will 4.00 moles of gas occupy a volume of 12.0 L at a pressure of 5.60 atm.
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.
The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:
P×V = n×R×T
where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume that occupies, T is its temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances. The numerical value of R will depend on the units in which the other properties are worked.
In this case, you know:
P= 5.60 atmV= 12 Ln= 4 molesR= 0.082 [tex]\frac{atmL}{molK}[/tex]T=?Replacing in the ideal gas law:
5.60 atm×12 L = 4 moles×0.082[tex]\frac{atmL}{molK}[/tex]×T
Solving:
[tex]T=\frac{5.60 atmx12 L}{4 moles x 0.082 \frac{atmL}{molK}}[/tex]
T=204.878 K
Finally, at 204.878 K will 4.00 moles of gas occupy a volume of 12.0 L at a pressure of 5.60 atm.
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Consider the following system at equilibrium:D(aq)+E(aq)<=>F(aq)Classify each of the following actions by whether it causes a leftward shift, a rightward shift, or no shift in the direction of the net reaction.Increase DIncrease EIncrease FDecrease DDecrease EDecrease FTriple D and reduce E to one thirdTriple both E and F
Explanation:
D(aq) + E(aq) <=> F(aq)
This question is based on Le Chatelier's principle.
Le Chatelier's principle is an observation about chemical equilibria of reactions. It states that changes in the temperature, pressure, volume, or concentration of a system will result in predictable and opposing changes in the system in order to achieve a new equilibrium state.
Increase D
D is a reactant. if we add reactants to the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the right to in order to maintain equilibrium by producing more products.
Increase E
E is a reactant. if we add reactants to the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the right to in order to maintain equilibrium by producing more products.
Increase F
F is a product. If we add additional product to a system, the equilibrium will shift to the left, in order to produce more reactants. The reaction would shift to the left.
Decrease D
if we remove reactants from the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the left.
Decrease E
if we remove reactants from the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the left.
Decrease F
if we remove products from the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the right to in order to maintain equilibrium by producing more products.
Triple D and reduce E to one third
no shift in the direction of the net reaction, Both changes cancels each other.
Triple both E and F
no shift in the direction of the net reaction, Both changes cancels each other.
On the periodic table, calcium and bromine are located in period 4. What is one difference between the two elements?
A. Calcium atoms are more reactive than bromine atoms.
B. Bromine and calcium atoms will each combine with the same elements to form compounds.
C. Calcium atoms combine more easily with other atoms in Group 2.
D. Bromine atoms have more electrons in their outer shell than calcium atoms.
Explanation:
it's is d cause bromine can even react with water so
Bromine atoms have more electrons in their outer shell than calcium atoms. So the correct option is D.
What is valency?In chemistry, valence, usually spelled valency, is the characteristic of an element that establishes the maximum number of other atoms that one atom of the element may combine with. The phrase, which was first used in 1868, is used to indicate both the broad power of a combination of elements as well as its numerical value.
For 19th-century chemists, the explanation and systematization of valence posed significant difficulties. The majority of the work was focused on developing empirical guidelines for finding the valences of the elements because there was no good hypothesis for its origin.
The amount of hydrogen atoms that an element's atom may mix with or replace in a compound is used to quantify the characteristic valences of the various elements. But it soon became clear that various compounds had varied valences for numerous elements.
The identification of the chemical bond of organic compounds with a pair of electrons held jointly by two atoms and acting to hold them together in 1916 by the American chemist G.N. Lewis represented the first significant step in the development of a satisfactory explanation of valence and chemical combination. The German scientist W. Kossel studied the nature of the chemical connection between electrically charged atoms (ions) in the same year.
The theory of valence was reconstructed in terms of electronic structures and interatomic forces following the advent of the precise electronic theory of the periodic system of the elements. In response to the many ways that atoms interact, new notions such as ionic valence, covalence, oxidation number, coordination number, and metallic valence were developed.
Therefore the correct option is D.
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What is the empirical formula of a compound composed of 3.25% hydrogen ( H ), 19.36% carbon ( C ), and 77.39% oxygen ( O ) by mass? Insert subscripts as needed.
Answer : The empirical of the compound is, [tex]C_1H_2O_3[/tex]
Solution : Given,
If percentage are given then we are taking total mass is 100 grams.
So, the mass of each element is equal to the percentage given.
Mass of C = 19.36 g
Mass of H = 3.25 g
Mass of O = 77.39 g
Molar mass of C = 12 g/mole
Molar mass of H = 1 g/mole
Molar mass of O = 16 g/mole
Step 1 : convert given masses into moles.
Moles of C = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of C}}{\text{ molar mass of C}}= \frac{19.36g}{12g/mole}=1.613moles[/tex]
Moles of H = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of H}}{\text{ molar mass of H}}= \frac{3.25g}{1g/mole}=3.25moles[/tex]
Moles of O = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of O}}{\text{ molar mass of O}}= \frac{77.39g}{16g/mole}=4.837moles[/tex]
Step 2 : For the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.
For C = [tex]\frac{1.613}{1.613}=1[/tex]
For H = [tex]\frac{3.25}{1.613}=2.01\approx 2[/tex]
For o = [tex]\frac{4.837}{1.613}=2.99\approx 3[/tex]
The ratio of C : H : O = 1 : 2 : 3
The mole ratio of the element is represented by subscripts in empirical formula.
The Empirical formula = [tex]C_1H_2O_3[/tex]
Therefore, the empirical of the compound is, [tex]C_1H_2O_3[/tex]
The empirical formula of a compound with 3.25% H, 19.36% C, and 77.39% O by mass is CH2O3, found by converting the mass of each element to moles and then determining the simplest whole number ratio.
Explanation:To determine the empirical formula of a compound composed of 3.25% hydrogen (H), 19.36% carbon (C), and 77.39% oxygen (O) by mass, we first assume a 100 g sample of the compound. This means we would have 3.25 g of H, 19.36 g of C, and 77.39 g of O.
Next, we convert the mass of each element to moles by dividing by their respective molar masses:
Carbon: 19.36 g / 12.01 g/mol = 1.612 molesHydrogen: 3.25 g / 1.008 g/mol = 3.225 molesOxygen: 77.39 g / 16.00 g/mol = 4.837 molesTo find the simplest whole number ratio, we divide each mole value by the smallest number of moles calculated:
Carbon: 1.612 / 1.612 = 1Hydrogen: 3.225 / 1.612 = 2Oxygen: 4.837 / 1.612 = 3The ratios indicate the empirical formula is CH2O3.
The molar mass of an unknown gas was measured by an effusion experiment. It was found that it took 60 s for the gas to effuse, whereas nitrogen gas required 48 s. The molar mass of the gas is ________
The molar mass of the unknown gas can be determined by comparing its effusion rate to the effusion rate of a known gas, such as nitrogen gas. According to Graham's law of effusion, the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Let's set up a proportion to find the molar mass of the unknown gas.
Explanation:The molar mass of the unknown gas can be determined by comparing its effusion rate to the effusion rate of a known gas, such as nitrogen gas. In this case, it took 60 seconds for the unknown gas to effuse, whereas nitrogen gas required 48 seconds. According to Graham's law of effusion, the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Using this information, we can set up a proportion to find the molar mass of the unknown gas.
Let's assume the molar mass of the unknown gas is represented by 'X'. The proportion can be set up as follows:
(rate of unknown gas)/(rate of nitrogen gas) = sqrt(molar mass of nitrogen gas)/sqrt(molar mass of unknown gas)
Substituting the known values, we have:
(60 s)/(48 s) = sqrt(28.01 g/mol)/sqrt(X)
Solving for X, the molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 37.07 g/mol.
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Please Answer! Help! Will Give Brainliest. Find Keq for a 3.0 L container with 1.2 moles of both NO2 and N2O4 initially and 0.38 M NO2 at equilibrium. 2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
Answer:
Kc → 41.9
Explanation:
This is the equilibrium:
2NO₂(g) ⇌ N₂O₄(g)
So the expression for Kc will be:
Kc = [N₂O₄] / [NO₂]²
We prospose the situations:
Initially we have 1.2 moles of NO₂ and N₂O₄
X amount has reacted. As stoichiometry is 2:1, we have produced x/2 of the product during the reaction
Finally In equilibrium we have, 0.38 NO₂
2NO₂(g) ⇌ N₂O₄(g)
Initially 1.2 1.2
React x x/2
Eq (1.2 - x) = 0.38 1.2 + x/2
As we have [NO₂] in the equilibrium, we can determine x (the amount that has reacted) to solve and determine, the [N₂O₄] in the equilibrium
1.2-0.38 = x → 0.82
1.2 + 0.82/2 = 2.02 → [N₂O₄]
For Kc, we need Molar concentration, so we have to divide [N₂O₄] and [NO₂] by the volume
[N₂O₄] → 2.02 mol/3L = 0.673 M
[NO₂] → 0.38 mol/3L = 0.127 M
Now we can replace the Kc expression:
Kc → [N₂O₄] / [NO₂]² → 0.673 / 0.127² = 41.9
Remember that Kc has no UNITS
If the detergent requires using 0.61 kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.
Here is the full question.
Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.8×10−3M in Ca2+ and 1.1×10−3M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 24.5 gallons of water. 1gallon=3.785L
If the detergent requires using 0.61 kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.
Answer:
7.90%
Explanation:
The equation for the reaction can be written as:
[tex]Na_2CO_3+Ca^{2+} ---------> CaCO_3(s) +2Na^+[/tex]
[tex]Na_2CO_3+Mg^{2+} ---------> MgCO_3(s) +2Na^+[/tex]
Molar mass of [tex]Na_2CO_3[/tex] = 106 g/mol
1.00 gallon of water = 3.785 L
∴ 24.5 gallons of water = 24.5 × 3.785
= 92.7325 L
mass precipitate = [tex][(3.8*10^{-3})+(1.1*10^{-3})]\frac{mol}{L} *92.7325*\frac{106g}{mol}[/tex]
mass precipitate = 48.162605
mass precipitate = 48.2 g
mass % = [tex]\frac{mass ofprecipitate}{mass of detergent} *100%[/tex]%
mass % = [tex]\frac{48.2g}{0.61kg}*\frac{1kg}{1000g}*100[/tex]%
mass % = 7.901639344
mass % = 7.90 %
The percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be 7.90%.
Calculation of the percentage:Since 3.8×10−3M in Ca2+ and 1.1×10−3M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 24.5 gallons of water. 1gallon=3.785L
The molar mass of Na_2CO_3 is 106g/mol
Since 1.00 gallon of water = 3.785 L
so, for 24.5 gallons of water, it is
= 24.5 × 3.785
= 92.7325 L
Now mass precipitate is
= ((3.8*10^-3) * (1.1*10^-3) * 92.7325 * 106g/mol
= 48.162605
= 48.2g
Now the mass percentage is
= mass of precipitate / mass of detergent
= 48.3g / 0.61 * 1kg / 1000g
= 7.90%
This is an incomplete question. Please find the full question below.
Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.8×10−3M in Ca2+ and 1.1×10−3M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 24.5 gallons of water. 1gallon=3.785L
If the detergent requires using 0.61 kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.
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What is the rate of the reaction if the concentrations of A and C are doubled and the concentration of B is tripled?
This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.
Consider the following reaction:
[tex]A+B+C\rightarrow D[/tex]
The rate law for this reaction is as follows:
[tex]Rate=k\times \frac{[A][C]^2}{[B]^{1/2}}[/tex]
Suppose the rate of the reaction at certain initial concentrations of A, B, and C is 1.12 × 10⁻² M/s.
What is the rate of the reaction if the concentrations of A and C are doubled and the concentration of B is tripled?
Rate 2 = ? M/s
Answer : The rate of reaction will be, [tex]5.17\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]
Explanation :
Rate law : It is defined as the expression which expresses the rate of the reaction in terms of molar concentration of the reactants with each term raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient of that reactant in the balanced chemical equation.
The given chemical reaction is,
[tex]A+B+C\rightarrow D[/tex]
The expression of rate law for this reaction will be,
[tex]\text{ Initial rate}=k\times \frac{[A][C]^2}{[B]^{1/2}}[/tex]
As the concentrations of A and C are doubled and the concentration of B is tripled then the rate of reaction will be:
[tex]Rate=k\times \frac{[2A][2C]^2}{[3B]^1/2}[/tex]
[tex]Rate=4.62k\times \frac{[A][C]^2}{[B]^{1/2}}[/tex]
[tex]Rate=4.62\times \text{ Initial rate}[/tex]
Given:
Initial rate = 1.12 × 10⁻² M/s
[tex]Rate=4.62\times 1.12\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]
[tex]Rate=5.17\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]
Thus, the rate of reaction will be, [tex]5.17\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]
Write a statement that reads a floating point (real) value from standard input into temperature. Assume that temperature. has already been declared as an double variable.
Answer:
temperature = stdin.nextDouble();
Explanation: since the temperature has already been declared as a double variable, the above statement will read so.
As temperature equal standard input dot next double variable.
To read a floating point value from standard input into a double variable, use the scanf function with %lf format specifier.
Explanation:To read a floating point (real) value from standard input into a double variable named temperature, you can use the scanf function in the C programming language. The scanf function allows you to read formatted input, and the %lf format specifier is used to read a double value. Here's an example:
scanf("%lf", &temperature);This line of code will read a floating point value from the standard input and store it in the temperature variable declared as a double.
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A hot "bubble" of air that breaks away from the warm surface and rises, expanding and cooling as it ascends, is known as a(n) _____. a. low pressure riser b. hot mass c. orographic uplift d. thermal
Answer: Thermal
Explanation: All areas on the earth surface does not absorb equal amount of sunlight, as a result of this, some areas tend to heat up more quickly than the others. The air in contact with these heated areas becomes warmer than its surroundings causing a hot bubble of air called ''thermal'' to break away from the warm surface,rising, expanding and cooling as it ascends, as observed during cloud development.
Final answer:
A rising hot "bubble" of air that expands and cools as it ascends due to convection is known as a thermal. This results in adiabatic cooling, which can lead to condensation and cloud formation.
Explanation:
A hot "bubble" of air that breaks away from the warm surface and rises, expanding and cooling as it ascends, is known as a thermal. This is due to the process of convection where warmer air, being less dense, rises above colder air. As this air rises, it expands due to lower atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes, which in turn causes it to cool, a process known as adiabatic cooling. If the air cools to its dew point, condensation can occur, potentially leading to cloud formation.
A chemist needs to know the concentration of some KOH that is in the laboratory. To find this out, the chemist titrates a 50.0 mL sample of the solution with 2.5 M HCl. If it takes 14.7 mL of the HCl to reach the titration endpoint, what is the concentration of the KOH solution
Answer:
0.735M
Explanation:
The balanced equation of reaction is:
HCl + KOH ===> KCl + H2O
Using titration equation of formula
CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB
Where NA is the number of mole of acid = 1 (from the balanced equation of reaction)
NB is the number of mole of base = 1 (from the balanced equation of reaction)
CA is the concentration of acid = 2.5M
CB is the concentration of base = to be calculated
VA is the volume of acid = 14.7mL
VB is the volume of base = 50mL
Substituting
2.5×14.7/CB×50 = 1/1
Therefore CB =2.5×50×1/14.7×1
CB= 0.735M
Air containing 0.04% carbon dioxide is pumped into a room whose volume is 6000 ft3. The air is pumped in at a rate of 2000 ft3/min, and the circulated air is then pumped out at the same rate. If there is an initial concentration of 0.2% carbon dioxide, determine the subsequent amount in the room at any time.
Here is the full question:
Air containing 0.04% carbon dioxide is pumped into a room whose volume is 6000 ft3. The air is pumped in at a rate of 2000 ft3/min, and the circulated air is then pumped out at the same rate. If there is an initial concentration of 0.2% carbon dioxide, determine the subsequent amount in the room at any time.
What is the concentration at 10 minutes? (Round your answer to three decimal places.
Answer:
0.046 %
Explanation:
The rate-in;
[tex]R_{in}[/tex] [tex]= \frac{0.04}{100}*2000[/tex]
[tex]R_{in}[/tex] = 0.8
The rate-out
[tex]R_{out}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{A}{6000}*2000[/tex]
[tex]R_{out}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{A}{3}[/tex]
We can say that:
[tex]\frac{dA}{dt}=[/tex] [tex]0.8-\frac{A}{3}[/tex]
where;
A(0)= 0.2% × 6000
A(0)= 0.002 × 6000
A(0)= 12
[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} +\frac{A}{3} =0.8[/tex]
Integration of the above linear equation =
[tex]e^{\int\limits \frac {1}{3}dt } =[/tex] [tex]e^{\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]
so we have:
[tex]e^{\frac{1}{3}t}\frac{dA}{dt}} +\frac{1}{3}e^{\frac{1}{3}t}A[/tex] [tex]= 0.8e^{\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]
[tex]\frac{d}{dt}[e^{\frac{1}{3}t}A][/tex] [tex]= 0.8e^{\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]
[tex]Ae^{\frac{1}{3}t} =2.4e\frac{1}{3}t +C[/tex]
∴ [tex]A(t) = 2.4 +Ce^{-\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]
Since A(0) = 12
Then;
[tex]12 =2.4 + Ce^{-\frac{1}{3}}(0)[/tex]
[tex]C= 12-2.4[/tex]
[tex]C =9.6[/tex]
Hence;
[tex]A(t) = 2.4 +9.6e^{-\frac{t}{3}}[/tex]
[tex]A(0) = 2.4 +9.6e^{-\frac{10}{3}}[/tex]
[tex]A(t) = 2.74[/tex]
∴ the concentration at 10 minutes is ;
= [tex]\frac{2.74}{6000}*100[/tex]%
= 0.0456667 %
= 0.046% to three decimal places
In order to get high-quality energy, you must use high-quality energy. This rule is the result of which of the following? a.the law of gravityb.the universal law of energyc.the second law of thermodynamicsd.the law of diminishing returnse.the first law of thermodynamics
Answer: C. The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Explanation:
The law of gravity is related to the force interaction due to gravitation between two bodies (i.e. a person and planet Earth, a star and a planet).
The law of diminishing return is not used in Physics, but in Economics and describes the diminishing of marginal returns in time.
The first law of Thermodynamics analyses the energy interactions of a system in a quantitative manner and it is a generalized form of the Principle of Energy Conservation. It is oriented to the analyses of energy inflows and outflows.
The second law of Thermodynamics analyses the energy interactions of a system in a qualitative manner and it is based on thermodynamic property named Entropy, which may helpful to measure irreversibilities associated with system and irreversibility generation as well, provided that a comparison with another equivalent system exists.
Irreversibilities depends on the characteristics of system and nature of energy sources. Empirically, it is known that heat offers a lower quality than electricity in order to get a available work. That is to say, there is a lower of obtaining available work from heat than from electricity.
Hence, the statement is a consequence of using the second law of Thermodynamics and, therefore, the correct answer is C.
An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide is standardized by titration with a 0.164 M solution of hydroiodic acid. If 17.2 mL of base are required to neutralize 14.7 mL of the acid, what is the molarity of the calcium hydroxide solution?
Answer:
0.07 M
Explanation:
We have to start with the reaction between the Calcium hydroxide and the Hydroiodic acid:
[tex]Ca(OH)_2~+~HF~->~CaF_2~+~H_2O[/tex]
Then we have to balance the reaction:
[tex]Ca(OH)_2~+~2HF~->~CaF_2~+~2H_2O[/tex]
We have to keep in mind that we have to do use the volume in "L" units (14.7 mL= 0.0147L). When we plug the values into the equation we will get:
[tex]M=\frac{#mol}{L}[/tex]
[tex]0.164~M=\frac{#mol}{0.0147}[/tex]
[tex]#mol=~0.0024[/tex]
Now, we have to use the information from the balanced reaction to finding the moles of Calcium hydroxide. When we check the reaction we found a molar ratio of 1:2 ( 1 mol of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]: 2 mol of [tex]HF[/tex]). With this molar ratio, we can find the moles of [tex]HF[/tex].
[tex]0.0024~mol~HF\frac{1~mol~Ca(OH)_2}{2~mol~HF}[/tex]
[tex]0.0012~mol~Ca(OH)_2[/tex]
Finally, to find the molarity we have to divide the moles of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] and the volume of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] in liters (17.2 mL=0.0172L) so:
[tex]M=\frac{0.012}{0.0172}=0.07[/tex]
The molarity of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] is 0.07M.
Argon, which comprises almost 1 percent of the atmosphere, is approximately 27 times more abundant than CO2, but does not contribute to global warming. Which explanation accounts for this fact
Explanation:
Argon, an element comprises of almost 1 percent in the Earth’s atmosphere, is approximately 27 times more abundant than CO2, is not a greenhouse gas. The reason that it is not a greenhouse gas or not contribute in global warming is that it is largely transparent to the wavelengths of light that is responsible for trapping heat that is similar to that of oxygen, nitrogen and other gasesArgon is not able to form large and complex molecules that are enough to block infrared light, which is generally done by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane also."In carrying out a titration of a hydrochloric acid solution with a standard sodium hydroxide solution, a student went beyond the end point before reading the volume on the burette. That is, the volume used was larger than the volume required to reach the end point. How will this error affect the calculated concentration of the hydrochloric acid?"
Answer:
The calculated concentration of HCl will be less than actual.
Explanation:
Suppose during titration, the HCl was taken in burette and the NaOH in the volumetric flask.
Now we will use equivalence formula for the calculation of concentration of HCl.
[tex]N_{1} V_{1} = N_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
Where L.H.S is for hydrochloric acid and R.H.S is for sodium hydroxide. The terms N and V represent normality and volume respectively.
If we calculate for
[tex]N_{1} = \frac{N_{2}V_{2} }{V_{1} }[/tex]
We see that if the volume of the HCl is greater then the concentration of the HCl will be reduced.
The error will cause the concentration of the hydrochloric acid to be underestimated.
The concentration of a solution is calculated from the ratio of the number of moles of the solutes and that of the volume of the solution.
Mathematically; concentration = mole/volume
Thus, with the number of moles being constant, the higher the volume of the solution, the lower the concentration that would be derived and vice versa.
This means that any volume that exceeds that of the accurate endpoint will cause the concentration to be underestimated and below the endpoint, the concentration would be overestimated.
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The most abundant elements in the universe are hydrogen and helium, but there are also small but significant amounts of heavier elements in stars and planets and in our own bodies. Where did these heavy elements originate?
Answer:
in nuclear fusion deep in the interiors of stars
Explanation:
Nuclear fusion -
It is the type of reaction , where two or more atomic nuclei of the atom merges together to release two or more different nuclei along with some subatomic particles , is referred to as a nuclear fusion reaction .
The reaction can very well be done on stars , because of very high energy .
Hence , a nuclear fusion occurs deep inside the stars .
Consider the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with iodine: H2O2(aq)+I2(aq)⇌OH−(aq)+HIO(aq) The reaction is first order in I2 and second order overall. What is the rate law?
Answer:
Consider the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with iodine: H2O2(aq)+I2(aq)⇌OH−(aq)+HIO(aq) The reaction is first order in I2 and second order overall.
What is the rate law?
If the concentration of H2O2 is increased by half and the concentration of I2 is quadrupled, by what factor does the reaction rate increase?
Rate law = k[H₂O₂] [I₂]
The new rate is six times that of the old rate
Explanation:
Rate law = k[H₂O₂] [I₂]
lets input
[H₂O₂] = x
[I₂] = y
Rate = kxy
[H₂O₂] = x + x/2
= 3x/2
[I₂] = 4y
New rate = [tex]k * \frac{3x}{2} *4y[/tex]
New rate = 6
The new rate is six times that of the old rate
The normal boiling point of a certain liquid is , but when of urea are dissolved in of , it is found that the solution boils at instead. Use this information to calculate the molal boiling point elevation constant of .
Answer:
The molal boiling point elevation constant (Kb) is calculated by dividing the change in boiling point (∆Tb) by the molality of the solution (m)
Explanation:
Kb = ∆Tb/m
Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant of the liquid
∆Tb is the change in boiling point. It is calculated by subtracting the initial boiling point of the liquid from the final boiling point of the solution.
m is the molality of the solution. It is calculated by dividing the number of moles of urea (number of moles of urea is calculated by dividing the mass in grams of urea by its molecular weight) by the mass of the liquid in kilograms.
During digestion, hydrochloric acid (HCl) lowers the stomach's pH and this causes the enzyme pepsinogen to be converted to its active form, called pepsin. Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme, which means it cleaves (breaks) peptide bonds assocciated with food particles. The enzyme pepsin can also cleave pepsinogen into pepsin, and this causes the rate at which pepsinogen is converted to pepsin to increase. This is an example of:
Answer:
Catalysis
Explanation:
Pepsin is able to break peptide bonds, turning large protein molecules into small peptide chains.
When pepsin acts to break down pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin), it is accelerating pepsinogen → pepsin reactions, acting as a catalyst, reducing activation energy and favoring proteolytic reactions at a higher rate.
This process of accelerating reactions is characteristic of enzymes and is known as catalysis.
The ionization energy of atoms ________. Group of answer choices does not change going down within a group increases going down within a group decreases going down within a group none of the above decreases going across a period
Answer:
decreases going down within a group
Explanation:
Ionization energy of an atom is defined as the energy required to remove electron from the gaseous form the atom. The energy required to remove the highest placed electron in the gaseous form of an atom is referred to as the first ionization energy.
In the periodic table, the first ionization energy decreases down the group because as the principal quantum number increases, the size of the orbital increases and the electron is easier to remove.
In addition, the first ionization energy increases across the period because electrons in the same principal quantum shell do not completely shield the increasing nuclear charge of the protons.
The ionization energy of atoms decreases going down a group on the periodic table and increases going across a period. This is because the atomic radius and the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons change.
Explanation:The ionization energy of atoms is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. As you move down a group on the periodic table, the ionization energy generally decreases. This is because as you go down a group, the atomic radius increases and the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus, making them easier to remove.
On the other hand, as you go across a period from left to right, the ionization energy generally increases. The electrons are closer to the nucleus and thus more strongly attracted to the center, making them more difficult to remove. So, the correct choices would be 'decreases going down within a group' and 'increases going across a period'.
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